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MILITARY FRONTIER (Ger. Militdrgrenze...

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 445 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MILITARY FRONTIER (Ger. Militdrgrenze, Slay. Granitza) , a narrow See also:

strip of See also:Austrian-Hungarian territory stretching along the See also:borders of See also:Turkey, which had for centuries a See also:peculiar military organization, and from 1849 to 1873 constituted a See also:crown-See also:land. As a See also:separate See also:division of the See also:monarchy it owed its existence to the See also:necessity of maintaining during the 16th and 17th centuries a strong See also:line of See also:defence against the invasions of the See also:Turks, and may be said to have had its origin with the See also:establishment of the captaincy of See also:Zengg (a See also:coast See also:town about 35 M. See also:south-See also:east of See also:Fiume) by See also:Matthias See also:Corvinus and the introduction of See also:Uskoks (q.v.) into Croatia. By the See also:close of the 17th See also:century there were three frontier " generalates "—See also:Carlstadt, See also:Warasdin and Petrinia or Petrinja (the last also called the Banal). After the defeat of the See also:Turkish See also:power by See also:Prince See also:Eugene it was proposed to abolish the military constitution of the frontier, but the See also:change was successfully resisted by the inhabitants of the See also:district; in fact a new Slavonian frontier district was established in 1702, and Maria See also:Theresa extended the organization to the See also:march-lands of Transylvania (the Szekler frontier in 1764, the Wallachian in 1766).1 As a See also:reward for the service it rendered the See also:government in the suppression of the Hungarian insurrection in 1848, the Military Frontier was erected in 1849 into a crown-land, with a See also:total See also:area of 15,182 sq. m. and a See also:population of 1,220,503. In 1851 the Transylvanian portion (1177 sq. m.) was incorporated with the See also:rest of Transylvania; and in 1871 effect was given to the imperial See also:decree of 1869 by which the districts of the Warasdin regiments (St See also:George and the See also:Cross) and the towns of Zengg, Belovar, Ivanie, &c., were " provincialized " or incorporated with the Croatian-Slavonian crown-land. In 1872 the See also:Banat regiments followed suit; and in 1873 the old military organization was abolished in the rest of the frontier. Not till 1881, however, were the Croatian-Slavonian march-lands completely merged in the kingdoms to which they naturally belonged. The social aspect of the military frontier regime is interesting. The zadruga See also:system of land See also:tenure was artificially kept in existence (see See also:SERVIA). See also:Watch-towers with wooden clappers and the beacons which flashed the alarm along the whole frontier in a few See also:hours are still features in the landscape.

End of Article: MILITARY FRONTIER (Ger. Militdrgrenze, Slay. Granitza)

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