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PHERECYDES OF SYROS

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 366 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PHERECYDES OF SYROS , See also:

Greek philosopher (or rather philosophical theologian), flourished during the 6th See also:century B.C. He was sometimes reckoned one of the Seven See also:Wise Men, and is said to have been the teacher of See also:Pythagoras. With the possible C,H a/ \CO:H IV. Phenolphthaline. See also:Phenolphthalein is obtained when phenol and See also:phthalic anhydride are heated with concentrated sulphuric See also:acid. It crystallizes in colourless crusts and is nearly insoluble in See also:water, but dissolves in dilute solutions of the See also:caustic alkalis with a See also:fine red See also:colour, being reprecipitated from these solutions by the addition of See also:mineral acid. It dissolves in concentrated caustic alkalis to a colourless See also:solution which probably contains salts of a non-quinonoid See also:character. This difference in behaviour has led to considerable discussion (see H. See also:Meyer, Monats., 1899, 20, p. 337; R. Meyer, Ber., 1903, 36, p. 2949; A.

G. See also:

Perkin and See also:Green, Jour. Chem. See also:Soc., 1904, p. 398). On See also:fusion with caustic See also:alkali, phenolphthalein yields benzoic acid and See also:para-dihydroxybenzophenone, which shows that in the See also:original condensation the phthalic acid See also:residue has taken the para position to the hydroxyl See also:groups of the phenol. Fluorane is a product of the condensation of the phthalic acid residue in the ortho position to the hydroxyl groups of the phenol, and beautifully illustrated archaeological See also:works produced. The labours of See also:Cockerell and his companions were richly rewarded; not only were sufficient remains of the architectural features discovered to show clearly the whole See also:design, but the See also:internal sculptured See also:frieze of the See also:cella was found almost perfect. This and other fragments of its See also:sculpture are now in the See also:British Museum. The See also:colonnade of the See also:temple has been recently 366 exception of See also:Cadmus (q.v.) of See also:Miletus, he was the first Greek See also:prose-writer. He belonged to the circle of See also:Peisistratus at See also:Athens, and was the founder of an Orphic community. He is characterized as " one of the earliest representatives of a See also:half-See also:critical, half-credulous See also:eclecticism " (See also:Gomperz).

He was credited with having originated the See also:

doctrine of See also:metempsychosis (q.v.), while See also:Cicero and See also:Augustine assert that he was the first to See also:teach the See also:immortality of the soul. Of his astronomical studies he See also:left a See also:proof in the " heliotropion," a See also:cave at Syros which served to determine the See also:annual turning-point of the See also:sun, like the grotto of Posillipo (Posilipo, Posilippo) at See also:Naples, and was one of the See also:sights of the See also:island. In his cosmogonic See also:treatise on nature and the gods, called Heeri).wxoc (See also:Preller's correction of Suidas, who has i1rTaµvXos) from the five elementary or original principles (See also:aether, See also:fire, See also:air, water, See also:earth; Gomperz substitutes See also:smoke and darkness for aether and earth), he enunciated a See also:system in which See also:science, See also:allegory and See also:mythology were blended. In the beginning were Chronos, the principle of See also:time; See also:Zeus (Zas), the principle of See also:life; and Chthonie, the earth goddess. Chronos begat fire, air and water, and from these three sprang numerous other gods. Smoke and darkness appear in a later tradition. A fragment of the " sacred See also:marriage " of Zas and Chthonie was found on an See also:Egyptian See also:papyrus at the end of the 19th century. See H. Diels, Fragrnente der Vorsokratiker (1903) ; also O. See also:Kern, De Orphei, Epimenidis, Pherecydis theogoniis (1838); D. Speliotopoulos, IIepi'h.pssi5ov roi Zvpi.0 (Athens, 189o) ; T. Gomperz, Greek Thinkers (Eng. trans.), i.

85; B. P. Grenfell, New Classical Fragments (1847); H. Weil, Etudes sur l'antiquite grecque (1900).

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