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state. Some varieties of the wild radish, R. Raphanistrum, however, met with on the Mediterranean coasts, come so near to it as to suggest that it may possibly be a cultivated See also:

RACE

race of the same See also:

SPECIES

species. It is very popular as a raw See also:

SALAD (Med. Lat. salata, salted, pickled, salare, to sprinkle with salt)

salad. There are-See also:

RADIUM (from Lat. radius, ray)

RADIUM 807 two See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal forms, the spindle-rooted and the See also:

TURNIP

turnip-rooted. The radish succeeds in any well-worked not too heavy See also:

GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden See also:

SOIL

soil, but requires a warm, sheltered situation. The See also:

SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed is generally sown broadcast, in beds 4 to 5 ft. wide, with alleys between, the beds requiring to be netted over to protect them from birds. The earliest See also:

CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop may be sown about the See also:

MIDDLE

middle of See also:

DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December, the seed-beds being at once covered with See also:

LITTER (through O. Fr. litere or litiere, mod. litiere from Med. Lat. lectaria, classical lectica, lectus, bed, couch)

litter, which should not be removed till the See also:

PLANTS

plants come up, and then only in the daytime, and when there is no See also:

frost. If the crop succeeds, which depends on the state of the See also:

WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather, it will be in use about the beginning of See also:

March. Another See also:

SOWING (from "to sow," O. Eng. shwan, cf. Du. zaaijen, Ger. saen, &c.; the root is seen in Lat. severe, cf. "seed")

sowing may be made in See also:

JANUARY

January, a third See also:

early in See also:

FEBRUARY

February, if the See also:

SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season is a favourable one, and still another towards the end of February, from which See also:

time till See also:

OCTOBER

October a small sowing should be made every fortnight or three See also:

WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks in See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring, and rather more frequently during summer. About the end of October, and again in See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November, a See also:

LATE

late sowing may be made on a See also:

south border or See also:

BANK

bank, the plants being protected in severe weather with litter or mats. The See also:

winter radishes, which grow to a large See also:

SIZE

size, should be sown in the beginning of See also:

JULY

July and in See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, in drills from 6 to 9 in. apart, the plants being thinned out to 5 or 6 in. in the See also:

ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

row.

The roots become See also:

fit for use during the autumn. For winter use they should be taken up before severe frost sets in, and stored in dry See also:

sand. Radishes, like other fleshy roots, are attacked by See also:

INSECTS

insects, the most dangerous being the larvae of several species of See also:

FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly, especially the radish fly (Anthomyia radicum). The most effectual means of destroying these is by watering the plants with a dilute See also:

SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of carbolic See also:

ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid, or much diluted See also:

gas-See also:

WATER

water; or gas-See also:

lime may be sprinkled along the rows. Forcing.—To obtain early radishes a sowing in the See also:

BRITISH

British Isles should be made about the beginning of November, and continued fortnightly till the middle or end of February; the crop will generally be fit for use about six weeks after sowing. The seed should be sown in See also:

LIGHT

light See also:

rich soil, 8 or 9 in. thick, on a moderate hotbed, or in a See also:

PIT (O. E. pytt, cognate with Du. put, Ger. Pfutze, &c., all ultimately adaptations of Lat. puteus, well, formed from root pu-, to cleanse, whence gurus, clean, pure)

pit with a temperature of from 55° to 65°. See also:

GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

Gentle waterings must be given, and See also:

air admitted at every favourable opportunity; but the sashes must be protected at See also:

NIGHT

night and in frosty weather with See also:

STRAW

straw mats or other materials. Some of these crops are often grown with forced potatoes. The best forcing sorts are See also:

Wood's early See also:

FRAME

frame, and the early See also:

rose globe, early See also:

DWARF (A.S. dweorg, D. dwerg, Icel. dvergr)

dwarf-See also:

TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top See also:

SCARLET

scarlet turnip, and early dwarf-top See also:

white turnip. Those best suited for See also:

general cultivation are the following: Spindle-rooted.—See also:

Long scarlet, including the sub-varieties scarlet See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short-top, early frame scarlet, and Wood's early frame; long scarlet short-top, best for general crop. Turnip-rooted.—Early rose globe-shaped, the earliest of all; early dwarf-top scarlet turnip, and early dwarf-top white turnip; earliest See also:

ERFURT

Erfurt scarlet, and early white short-leaved, both very early sorts; See also:

French breakfast, See also:

OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive-shaped; red turnip and white turnip, for summer crops.- Winter sorts.—See also:

Black See also:

SPANISH

Spanish, white See also:

CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese, Californian See also:

mammoth.

End of Article: RADISH

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