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BAINBRIDGE, WILLIAM (1774-1833)

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 223 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BAINBRIDGE, See also:WILLIAM (1774-1833) , See also:commodore in the See also:United States See also:navy, was See also:born on the 7th of May 1774 in See also:Princeton, New See also:Jersey. At the See also:age of fourteen he went to See also:sea in the See also:merchant service, and was in command of a trading See also:schooner at an See also:early age. The See also:American trading vessels of that See also:period were supposed to be excluded by the See also:navigation See also:laws from See also:commerce with the See also:British See also:West See also:Indian Islands, though with the concealed or very slightly disguised assistance of the planters, they engaged in a See also:good See also:deal of See also:contraband commerce. The See also:war between See also:France and See also:Great See also:Britain tended further to make the carrying See also:trade of neutrals difficult. Bainbridge had therefore to expect, and when he could to elude or See also:beat off, much interference on the See also:part of See also:French and British cruisers alike. He is said to have forced a British schooner, probably a See also:privateer, which attacked him when on his way from See also:Bordeaux to St See also:Thomas, to strike, but he did not take See also:possession. On another occasion he is said to have taken a See also:man out of a British See also:ship in See also:retaliation for the See also:impressment of an American See also:seaman by H.M.S. "Indefatigable," then commanded by See also:Sir See also:Edward Pellew. When the United States navy was organized in 1798 he was included in the See also:corps of See also:naval See also:officers, and appointed to the schooner " Retaliation." She was on one occasion seized by the French but afterwards released. As See also:captain of the brig " See also:Norfolk " of 18 guns, he was employed in cruising against the French, who were as aggressive against American commerce as the See also:English. He was also sent to carry the See also:tribute which the United States still condescended to pay to the See also:dey of See also:Algiers, in See also:order to secure exemption from See also:capture for its merchant See also:ships in the Mediterranean—a service which he performed punctually, though with great disgust. When the United States found that bribing the pirate See also:Barbary states did not secure exemption from their outrages, and was constrained at last to use force, he served against Algiers and See also:Tunis.

His ship, the " See also:

Philadelphia," ran aground on the Tunisian See also:coast, and he was for a See also:time imprisoned. On his See also:release he returned for a time to the merchant service in order to make good the pecuniary loss caused by his captivity. When the war of 1812 See also:broke out between Great Britain and the United States, Bainbridge was appointed to command the United States See also:frigate " Constitution" (44), in See also:succession to Captain See also:Isaac See also:Hull (q.v.). The " Constitution" was a very See also:fine ship of 1533 tons, which had already captured the " Guerriere." Under Bainbridge she was sent to cruise in the See also:South See also:Atlantic. On the 29th of See also:December 1812 he See also:fell in with H.M.S. " See also:Java," a See also:vessel of 1073 tons, formerly the French frigate " Renommee "(40). She was on her way to the See also:East Indies, carrying the newly appointed See also:lieutenant-See also:governor of Bombay. She had a very raw See also:crew, including very few real See also:seamen, and her men had only had one See also:day's gunnery See also:drill. The United States navy paid great See also:attention to its gunnery, which the British navy, misled by its easy victories over the French, had greatly neglected. In these conditions the See also:fate of the " Java" was soon sealed. She was cut to pieces and forced to surrender, after suffering heavy loss, and inflicting very little on the " Constitution." After the conclusion of the war with Great Britain, Bainbridge served against the Barbary pirates once more. During his later years he served on the See also:board of navy commissioners.

He died on the 28th of See also:

July 1833. (D.

End of Article: BAINBRIDGE, WILLIAM (1774-1833)

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