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person) which were excavated, in 1874, by his assistant, J. D. Beglar. The results showed that it must have been one of the most imposing and handsome in India; and it is especially important now from the large number of See also:

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions found upon it. The See also:

ancient name of the See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place has not been yet traced, but it must have been a considerable See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and its site See also:

lay on the high road between the ancient capitals of Ujjeni and Kosambi. The stupa was circular, 70 ft. in See also:

DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter and 42 ft. high. It was surrounded by a See also:

stone railing Too ft. in diameter, so that between railing and stupa there was an open circle See also:

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round which visitors could walk; and the whole stood towards the See also:

east See also:

side of a paved quadrangle about 300 ft. by 320 ft., surrounded by a stone See also:

wall. On the See also:

TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top of the stupa was an See also:

ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament shaped like the See also:

LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter T, and as the See also:

BASE

base of the sdfipa was above the quadrangle, the See also:

TOTAL

total height of the See also:

MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument was between 5o and 6o ft. But its See also:

main See also:

INTEREST

interest, to us, lies in the railing.

This consisted of eighty square pillars, 7 ft. T in. in height, connected by See also:

CROSS

cross-bars about 1 ft. broad. Both pillars and cross-bars were elaborately carved in bas-See also:

RELIEF

relief, and most of them See also:

BORE

bore inscriptions giving either the name of the donor, or the subject of the bas-relief, or both. There were four entrances through the railing, facing the See also:

CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal points, and each one protected by the railing coming out at right angles, and then turning back across it in the shape of the letter L. This gave the whole ground See also:

plan of the monument, and no doubt designedly so, the shape of a gigantic swastika(i.e. a See also:

SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol of See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune). By the forms of the letters of the inscriptions, and by the architectural details, the See also:

AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of the monument has been approximately fixed in the 3rd See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C. The bas-reliefs give us invaluable See also:

EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of the literature, and also of the clothing, buildings and other details of the social conditions of the peoples of Buddhist India at that See also:

period. The subjects are taken from the Buddhist sacred books, more especially from the accounts given in them of the See also:

LIFE

life of the See also:

BUDDHA

Buddha in his last or in his previous births. Unfortunately, only about See also:

HALF

half the pillars, and about one-third of the cross-bars have been recovered. When the stupa was discovered the villagers had already carried off the greater See also:

PART

part of the monument to build their cottages with the stones and bricks of it. The See also:

PROCESS

process has gone on till now nothing is See also:

LEFT

left except what General Cunningham found and rescued and carried off to See also:

CALCUTTA

Calcutta. Even the See also:

mere See also:

MONEY

money value of the lost pieces must be immense, and among them is the central relic See also:

box, which would have told us in whose See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour the monument was put up.

See A. Cunningham, The Stiipa of Bharhut (See also:

LONDON

London, 1879) ; T. W. Rhys Davids, Buddhist India (London, 1903). (T. W. R.

End of Article: BHARAHAT, or BARHUT

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