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annual or perennial herbs, more rarely shrubby or arborescent, as in Cordia and Ehretia, which are tropical or sub-tropical. The leaves, which are generally alternate, are usually entire and narrow: the See also:

RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

radical leaves in some genera, as Pulmonaria (lungwort) and Cynoglossum, differ in See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form from the See also:

STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem-leaves, being generally broader and some-times See also:

heart-shaped. A characteristic feature is the one-sided (See also:

DORSIVENTRAL (Lat. dorsum, the back, venter, the belly)

dorsiventral) inflorescence, well illustrated in forget-me-not and other See also:

SPECIES

species of Myosotis; the cyme is at first closely coiled, becoming uncoiled as the See also:

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers open. At the same See also:

time there is often a See also:

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change in See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour in the flowers, which are red in bud, becoming See also:

BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue as they expand, as in Myosotis, Echium, Symphytum and others. The flowers are generally See also:

REGULAR

regular; the form of the corolla varies widely. Thus in borage it is rotate, tubular in comfrey, See also:

FUNNEL (through an O. Fr. founil, found in Breton, from Lat. infundibulum, that through which anything is poured, from fundere, to pour)

funnel-shaped in hounds-tongue, and See also:

SALVER

salver-shaped in See also:

ALKANET (dim. from Span. alcana, Arab. al-henna=henna, Egyptian privet, or Lawsonia inermis)

alkanet (Anchusa); the See also:

THROAT (O. Eng. protu, prote or }Prota, possibly from preotan, to press, whence threat, or, with loss of initial s, connected with strut, to swell)

throat is often closed byscale-like outgrowths from the corolla, forming the so-called See also:

CORONA (Lat. for " crown ")

corona. A departure from the usual regular corolla occurs in Echium and a few allied genera, where it is oblique; in Lycopsis it is also See also:

bent.

The five stamens alternate in position with the lobes of the corolla. The ovary, of two carpels, is seated on a See also:

RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring-like disk I. Single See also:

flower, about nat. See also:

SIZE

size. 6. Calyx surrounding nutlets. 2. Corolla split open. 3. Calyx. 4. See also:

PISTIL

Pistil. 5.

One stamen. which secretes See also:

HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey. median constriction in ovule; the See also:

style springs divisions. The flowers show well-marked See also:

ADAPTATION (from Lat. adaptare. to fit to)

adaptation to See also:

INSECT

insect-visits. Their colour and tendency to arrangement on one See also:

SURFACE

surface, with the presence of honey, serve to attract See also:

INSECTS

insects. The scales around the throat of the corolla protect the See also:

POLLEN, AUGUST (or, as he afterwards called himself, ADOLF) LUDWIG (1794-1855)

pollen and honey from wet or undesirable visitors, and by their difference in colour from the corolla-lobes, as in the yellow See also:

eye of forget-me-not, may serve to indicate the position of the honey. In most genera the See also:

FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit consists of one-seeded nutlets, generally four, but one or more may be undeveloped. The shape of the nutlet and the See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of its coat are very varied. Thus in Lithospermum the nutlets are hard like a See also:

stone, in Myosotis usually polished, in Cynoglossum covered with bristles, &c. The order is widely spread in temperate and tropical regions, and contains 85 genera with about 1200 species. Its See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief centre is the Mediterranean region, whence it extends over central 7. Same See also:

PART

part of calyx cut away. 8.

Two nutlets. 9. Same enlarged. Each carpel becomes divided by a four portions, each containing one from the centre of the See also:

GROUP

group of four See also:

EUROPE

Europe and See also:

ASIA

Asia, becoming less frequent northwards. A smaller centre occurs on the Pacific See also:

side of See also:

North See also:

AMERICA

America. The order is less See also:

DEVELOPED

developed in the See also:

south temperate See also:

ZONE (Gr. 'WV77, a girdle, from 'wvvLvay to gird)

zone. The order is of little economic value. Several genera, such as borage and Pulmonaria, were formerly used in See also:

MEDICINE

medicine, and the roots yield See also:

PURPLE

purple or See also:

brown dyes, as in Alkanna tinctoria (alkanet). See also:

Heliotrope or See also:

CHERRY

cherry-See also:

pie (Heliotropium peruvianum) is a well-known garden plant.

End of Article: BORAGINACEAE

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