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HELIOTROPE, or TURNSOLE

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 232 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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HELIOTROPE
HELIOTROPE, or TURNSOLE

HELIOTROPE, or TURNSOLE , Heliotropium (Gr. fXtorpoiriov, i.e. a plant which follows the See also:

sun with its See also:

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers or leaves, or, according to See also:

THEOPHRASTUS

Theophrastus (Hiss. plant. vii. 15), which flowers at the summer See also:

SOLSTICE (Lat. solstitium, from sal, sun, and sistere, to stand still)

solstice), a genus of usually more or less hairy herbs or undershrubs of the tribe Heliotropieae of the natural See also:

order See also:

BORAGINACEAE

Boraginaceae, having alternate, rarely almost opposite leaves; small See also:

white, See also:

LILAC

lilac or See also:

BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue flowers, in termitial or lateral one-sided See also:

SIMPLE

simple or once or twice forked spikes, with a calyx of five deeply divided segments, a See also:

SALVER

salver-shaped, hypogynous, 5-lobed corolla, and entire 4-celled ovary; See also:

FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit 2-to 4-sulcate or lobed, at length separable into four 1-seeded nutlets or into two hard 2-celled carpels. The genus contains 220 See also:

SPECIES

species indigenous in the temperate and warmer parts of both hemispheres. A few species are natives of See also:

EUROPE

Europe, as H. europaeum, which is also a naturalized species in the See also:

SOUTHERN

southern parts of See also:

North See also:

AMERICA

America. The See also:

COMMON

common heliotrope of See also:

ENGLISH

English hothouses, H. peruvianum, popularly known as " See also:

CHERRY

cherry-See also:

pie," is on See also:

account of the delicious odour of its flowers a See also:

GREAT

great favourite with florists. It was introduced into Europe by the younger See also:

JUSSIEU, DE

Jussieu, who sent See also:

SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed of it from See also:

Peru to the royal See also:

GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden at See also:

Paris. About the See also:

YEAR

year 1757 it was grown in See also:

England by See also:

Philip See also:

Miller from seed obtained from St Germains. H. corymbosum (also a native of Peru), which was grown in See also:

HAMMERSMITH

Hammersmith nurseries as See also:

early as 1812, has larger but less fragant flowers than H. peruvianum. The species commonly grown in See also:

RUSSIAN

Russian gardens is H. suaveolens, which has white, highly fragrant flowers. Heliotropes may be propagated either from seed, or, as commonly, by means of cuttings of See also:

young growths taken an See also:

INCH (O. Eng. ynce from Lat. uncia, a twelfthpart; cf. " ounce," and see As)

inch or two in length. Cuttings when sufficiently ripened, are struck in See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring or during the summer months; when rooted I they should be potted singly into small pots, using as a compost fibry See also:

LOAM (O.E. lam; the word appears in Dut. leem and Ger. Lehm; the ultimate origin is the root lai-, meaning " to be sticky," which is seen in the cognate " lime," Lat. limus, mud, clay)

loam, sandy See also:

PEAT (possibly connected with Med. Lat. petia, pecia, piece, ultimately of Celtic origin; cf. O. Celt. pet, O. Ir. pit, Welsh peth, portion)

peat and well-decomposed See also:

STABLE

stable manure from an old hotbed. The See also:

PLANTS

plants soon require to be shifted into a pot a See also:

SIZE

size larger.

To secure early-flowering plants, cuttings should be struck in See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, potted off before See also:

winter sets in, and kept in a warm greenhouse. In the spring larger pots should be given, and the plants shortened back to make them bushy. They require frequent shiftings during the summer, to induce them to See also:

BLOOM (from A.S. bloma, a flower)

bloom freely. The heliotrope makes an elegant See also:

standard. The plants must in this See also:

case be allowed to send up a central shoot, and all the See also:

side growths must be pinched off until the necessary height is reached, when the shoot must be stopped and lateral growths will be produced to See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form the See also:

head. During winter they should A Qrom Jamin and Bouty, Ceurs de physique, Gauthier-See also:

VILLARS, CLAUDE LOUIS HECTOR DE, PRINCE DE

Villars. rods EF, GF are such that BEFG is a rhombus. It is easy to show that rays falling op the See also:

MIRROR (through O. Fr. mirour, mod. miroir, from a sup-posed Late Lat. miratorium, from mirari, to admire)

mirror in the direction BC will be reflected along BD. One construction of the See also:

INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument, described in Jamin's Cows de physique, is shown in fig. 3. The mirror mm is attached Heliotropium suaveolens. be kept somewhat dry, and in spring the See also:

ball of See also:

SOIL

soil should be reduced and the plants repotted, the shoots being slightly pruned, so as to maintain a symmetrical head.

When they I are planted out against the walls and pillars of the greenhouse or conservatory an abundance of highly perfumed blossoms will be supplied all the year See also:

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round. From the end of May till See also:

OCTOBER

October heliotropes are excellent for massing in beds in the open See also:

air by themselves or with other plants. Many florists' varieties of the common heliotrope are known in cultivation. See also:

Pliny (Nat. hist. xxii. 29) distinguishes two kinds of " hello- , tropium," the tricoccum, and a. somewhat taller plant, the helioscopium; the former, it has been supposed, is Croton linctorium, and the latter the i?)uoTpolnov ,2tKp6v of Dioscorides or Heliotropium europaeum. The helioscopium, according to Pliny, was variously employed in See also:

MEDICINE

medicine; thus the juice of the leaves with See also:

salt served for the removal of warts, whence the See also:

TERM

term herba verrucaria applied to the plant. What, from the perfume of its flowers, is sometimes called winter heliotrope, is the fragrant butterbur, or sweet-scented coltsfoot, Petasites (Tussilago) fragrans, a perennial Composite plant.

End of Article: HELIOTROPE, or TURNSOLE

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