Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

FOSCARI, FRANCESCO (1373-1457)

Online Encyclopedia

Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 730 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

» Make a correction to this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.

Encyclopedia Home :: FLA-FRA

Spread the word:

del.icio.us it!

See also:

FOSCARI, FRANCESCO (1373-1457)

FOSCARI, See also:
FRANCESCO
FRANCESCO, 210
FRANCESCO (1373-1457) , See also:

DOGE

doge of See also:

Venice, belonged to a See also:

NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble Venetian See also:

FAMILY

family, and held many of the highest offices of the republic—ambassador, See also:

PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

FORTY

Forty, member of the See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council of Ten, inquisitor, See also:

PROCURATOR (Lat. procurare, to take care of)

procurator of St See also:

Mark, avvogadore di comun, &c. His first wife was Maria Priuli and his second Maria Nani; of his many See also:

CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children all See also:

SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save one son (Jacopo) died See also:

young.- But although a capable See also:

ADMINISTRATOR

administrator he was ambitious and adventurous, and the reigning doge Tommaso See also:

MOCENIGO

Mocenigo, when speaking on his deathbed of the various candidates for the See also:

SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession, warned the council against electing Foscari, who, he said, would perpetually plunge the See also:

REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic into disastrous and costly See also:

WARS

wars. Nevertheless Foscari was elected (1423) and reigned for See also:

THIRTY

thirty-four years. In See also:

pro-claiming the new doge the customary See also:

formula which recognized the See also:

PEOPLE

people's See also:

SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the See also:

APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment and asked for their approval—the last vestige of popular government—was finally dropped. Foscari's reign See also:

BORE

bore out Mocenigo's warning and was full of wars on the terra ferma, and through the doge's See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence Venice joined the Florentines in their See also:

CAMPAIGN

campaign against See also:

Milan, which was carried on with varying success for eight years. In 1430 an See also:

ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt was made on Foscari's See also:

LIFE

life by a noble to whom he had refused an appointment; and three years later a See also:

CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy of young bloods to secure the various offices for themselves by illicit intrigues was discovered. These events, as well as the See also:

long and expensive wars and the unsatisfactory See also:

state of Venetian finances, induced Foscari to ask permission to abdicate, which was, however, refused. In 1444 began that long domestic tragedy by which the name of Foscari has become famous. The doge's son Jacopo, a cultivated and intelligent but frivolous and irresponsible youth, was in that See also:

YEAR

year accused of the serious See also:

CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime of having accepted presents from various citizens and foreiv princes who either desired See also:

government appointments or wished to influence the policy of the republic. Jacopo escaped, but was tried in See also:

CONTUMACY (Lat. contumacia, obstinacy; derived from the root tem-, as in temnere,' t'o_despise, or possibly from the root tum-, as in tumere, to swell, with anger, &c.)

contumacy before the Council of Ten and condemned to be exiled to Napoli di Romania (See also:

NAUPLIA

Nauplia) and to have his See also:

PROPERTY

property confiscated. But the See also:

EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of the See also:

SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence was delayed, as he was lying See also:

ill at See also:

TRIESTE (Ger. Triest; Slay. Trst; the Roman Tergeste, q.v.)

Trieste, and eventually the See also:

PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty was commuted to banishment at Treviso (1446). Four years later Ermolao Donato, a distinguished See also:

OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official who had been a member of the Ten at the See also:

time of the trial, was assassinated and Jacopo Foscari was suspected of complicity in the See also:

DEED (in O. Eng. dead, from the stem of the verb " to do ")

deed.

After a long inquiry he was brought to trial for the second time, and although all the See also:

EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence clearly pointed to his See also:

GUILT

guilt the See also:

JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges could not obtain a See also:

CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

confession from the accused, and so merely banished him to See also:

CANDIA

Candia for the See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his life, with a See also:

PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of two See also:

HUNDRED

hundred ducats a year. In 1456 the council received See also:

INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information from the See also:

RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector (See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor) of Candia to the effect that Jacopo Foscari had been in treasonable See also:

correspondence with the See also:

DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Milan and the See also:

SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan of See also:

TURKEY

Turkey. He was summoned to Venice, tried and condemned to a year's imprisonment, to be followed by a return to his See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile. His aged See also:

FATHER

father was allowed to see him while in See also:

PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison, and to Jacopo's entreaties that he should obtain a full See also:

PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon for him, he replied advising him to See also:

bear his See also:

PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment without protest. When the year was up Jacopo returned to Candia, where he died in See also:

JANUARY

January 1457. The doge was overwhelmed with grief at this bereavement and became quite incapable of attending to business. Consequently the council decided to ask him to abdicate; See also:

FOSCOLO, UGO (1778-1827)

FOSCOLO at first he refused, but was finally obliged to conform to their wishes and retired on a yearly pension of 1500 ducats. Within a See also:

WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week Pasquale Malipiero was elected in his place and two days later (1st of See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1457) Francesco Foscari was dead. The See also:

story is a very sad and pathetic one, but See also:

LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend has added many picturesque though quite apocryphal details, most of them tending to show the iniquity and harshness of Jacopo's judges and accusers, whereas, as we have shown, he was treated with exceptional leniency. The most accurate See also:

account is contained in S. See also:

ROMANIN, SAMUELE (18o8-1861)

Romanin's Storia documentata di Venezia, See also:

lib. x. cap. iv. vii. and x. (Venice, 1855) ; where the See also:

ORIGINAL

original authorities are quoted; see also Berlan, I due Foscari (See also:

TURIN

Turin, 1852).

Among the poetical See also:

WORKS

works on the subject See also:

Byron's tragedy is the most famous (1821), and See also:

Roger's poem See also:

Italy (1821) ; Giuseppe See also:

VERDI, GIUSEPPE FORTUNINO FRANCESCO (1813-1901)

Verdi composed an See also:

OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera on the subject entitled I due Foscari. (L.

End of Article: FOSCARI, FRANCESCO (1373-1457)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.

» Add information or comments to this article.

Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.

Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
FOSBROKE, THOMAS DUDLEY (1770-1842)

[next]
FOSCOLO, UGO (1778-1827)