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HARMONIC SERIES OF THE CONTRABASS BOM...

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 183 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HARMONIC See also:SERIES OF THE CONTRABASS See also:BOMBARDON IN C .* RR -s.. See also:Compass. t** —?— Y---- r -~_ See also:Ito -: * For the Bl bombardon, one See also:tone See also:lower. See also:Air ** Or higher still for a first-See also:rate player with a See also:good See also:lip. 8va Lassa. The lowest notes produced by the valves are very difficult to obtain, for the lips seldom have sufficient See also:power to set in vibration a See also:column of air of such immense length, at a rate of vibration slow enough to synchronize with that of notes of such deep See also:pitch.' Even when they are played, the lowest See also:valve notes can hardly be heard unless doubled an See also:octave higher by another bombardon. Bombardons are generally treated as non-transposing See also:instruments, the See also:music being written as sounded, except in See also:France and See also:Belgium, where transposition is usual. The intervening notes are obtained by means of pistons or valves, which, on being depressed, either admit the See also:wind into additional lengths of tubing to lower the pitch, or cut off a length in See also:order to raise it. Bombardons usually have three or four pistons lowering the pitch of the See also:instrument respectively I, 1, i2 and 22 tones (in Belgium, 1, 2, 2 and 3 tones). The valve See also:system, disposal of the tubing and shape and position of the See also:bell differ considerably in the various See also:models of well-known makers. In See also:Germany and See also:Austria s what is known as the See also:cylinder See also:action is largely used; for the See also:piston or See also:pump is substituted a four-way See also:brass See also:cock operated by means of a See also:key and a series of cranks. In order to obtain a See also:complete See also:chromatic See also:scale throughout the compass, there must be, as on the slide-See also:trombone, seven different positions or lengths of tubing available, each having its harmonic series. These different lengths are obtained on the bombardon by means of a See also:combination of pistons: the simultaneous use of Nos.

2 and 3 lowers the pitch two tones; of Nos. 1, 2 and 3, three tones; of Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, five and a See also:

half tones, &c. A combination of pistons, however, fails to give the See also:interval with an absolutely correct intonation, since the length of tubing thrown open is not of the theoretical length required to produce it. Many ingenious contrivances have been invented from See also:time to time to remedy this inherent defect of the valve system, such as the six-valve See also:independent system of Adolphe See also:Sax; the Besson Regisire, giving eight independent positions; the Besson compensating system Transpositeur; the Boosey automatic compensating piston invented by D. J. Blaikley, and V. Mahillon's automatic regulating pistons. More recently the Besson enharmonic valve system, with six independent tuning slides and three pistons, and Rudall, See also:Carte & See also:Company's new (Klussmann's patent) See also:bore, conical throughout the open See also:tube and additional lengths, have produced instruments which leave nothing to be desired as to intonation. (See VALVES and See also:TUBA.) (K.

End of Article: HARMONIC SERIES OF THE CONTRABASS BOMBARDON IN C

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