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KODUNGALUR (or CRANGANUR)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 886 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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See also:

KODUNGALUR (or CRANGANUR) , a See also:town of See also:southern See also:India, in See also:Cochin See also:state, within the See also:presidency of See also:Madras. Though now a See also:place of little importance, its See also:historical See also:interest is considerable. Tradition assigns to it the See also:double See also:honour of having been the first See also:field of St See also:Thomas's labours (A.D. 52) in India and the seat of Cheraman Perumal's See also:government. The visit of St Thomas is .generally considered mythical; but it is certain that the Syrian See also:Church was firmly established here before the 9th See also:century (See also:Burnell), and probably the See also:Jews' See also:settlement was still earlier. The latter, in fact, claim to hold grants dated A.D. 378. The See also:cruelty of the Portuguese drove most of the Jews to Cochin. Up to 1314, when the Vypin See also:harbour was formed, the only opening in the Cochin backwater, and outlet for the Periyar, was at Kodungalur, which must then have been the best harbour on the See also:coast. In 1502 the Syrian Christians invoked the See also:protection of the Portuguese. In 1523 the latter built their first fort there, and in 1565 enlarged it. In 1661 the Dutch took the fort, the See also:possession of which for the next See also:forty years was contested between this nation, the zamorin, and the See also:raja of Kodungalur.

In 1776 Tippoo seized the stronghold. The Dutch recaptured it two years later, and, having ceded it to Tippoo in 1784, sold it to the See also:

Travancore raja, and again in 1789 to Tippoo, who destroyed it in the following See also:year. The See also:country See also:round Kodungalur now forms an autonomous principality, tributary to the raja of Cochin. KOENIGr, KARL See also:DIETRICH See also:EBERHARD (1774-1851), See also:German palaeontologist, was See also:born at See also:Brunswick in 1774, and was educated at See also:Gottingen. In 1807 he became assistant keeper, and in 1813 he was appointed keeper, of the See also:department of natural See also:history in the See also:British Museum, and afterwards of See also:geology and See also:mineralogy, retaining the See also:post until the See also:close of his See also:life. He described many fossils in the British Museum in a classic See also:work entitled Icons fossilium sectiles (1820-1825). He died in See also:London on the 6th of See also:September 1851.

End of Article: KODUNGALUR (or CRANGANUR)

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