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decade. The state stands sixteenth among the native states of India in area and third in population. Travancore extends more than 150 M. along the See also:

west See also:

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast as far as Cape See also:

COMORIN, CAPE

Comorin, the southernmost point of the See also:

peninsula. The Western See also:

GHATS, or GHAUTS (literally " the Landing Stairs " from the sea, or " Passes ")

Ghats rise to an See also:

ELEVATION

elevation of 8000 ft. and are clothed with primeval See also:

FOREST

forest; they throw out spurs towards the coast, along which there is a See also:

belt of See also:

FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country of about ro m. in width, covered with coco-See also:

nut and areca palms, which to a See also:

GREAT

great extent constitute the See also:

WEALTH

wealth of the country. The whole See also:

SURFACE

surface is undulating, and presents a See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of hills and valleys traversed from See also:

east to west by many See also:

rivers, the floods of which, arrested by the See also:

PECULIAR

peculiar See also:

ACTION

action of the Arabian See also:

Sea, spread themselves out into lagoons or backwaters, connected here and there by artificial canals, and forming an inland See also:

LINE

line of smooth-See also:

WATER

water communication for nearly the whole length of the coast. The See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

RIVER

river is the Periyar, 142 M. in length. Other important rivers are the Pambai and its tributary the Achenkoil, the Kallada, and the Western Tambraparni. See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

Iron is abundant and See also:

PLUMBAGO (from Lat. plum-bum, lead)

plumbago is worked. Elephants are numerous, and tigers, leopards, bears, bison and various kinds of See also:

deer abound in the forests. Travancore has an abundant rainfall, with every variety of temperature.

The See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal ports are See also:

ALLEPPI, or AULAPALAY

Alleppi, See also:

QUILON

Quilon and Paravur; but there is no real See also:

HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour. The state has a See also:

FINE

fine See also:

SYSTEM

system of roads, and the See also:

Cochin-Shoranur and the See also:

TINNEVELLY

Tinnevelly-Quilon See also:

RAILWAYS

railways pass through it. The Periyar See also:

IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation project See also:

con-ducts water through the ghats in a See also:

TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

tunnel to irrigate the Madras See also:

DISTRICT

district of See also:

Madura, for which See also:

COMPENSATION (from Lat. compensare, to weigh one thing against another)

compensation of Rs. 40,000 is annually paid to Travancore. See also:

Trade is large and increasing, the chief exports being See also:

COPRA (a Spanish and Portuguese adaptation of the Malay kopperah, and Hindustani khopra, the coco-nut)

copra, See also:

COIR (from Malay Kayar, cord, Kayaru, to be twisted)

coir and other coco-nut products, See also:

pepper, See also:

TEA (Chinese cha, Amoy dialect t€)

tea, See also:

SUGAR

sugar, areca-nuts, See also:

TIMBER

timber, hides, See also:

COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee, &c. The See also:

capital is See also:

TRIVANDRUM, or TREVANDRUM

Trivandrum. The See also:

revenue is £67o,000 ; See also:

TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute, £80,000; military force, 136o See also:

INFANTRY

infantry, 61 See also:

CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry and 30 See also:

ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery with 6 guns. The maharaja of Travancore claims descent from Cheraman Perumal, the last See also:

HINDU

Hindu monarch of See also:

UNITED

united See also:

MALABAR

Malabar, whose date is variously given from A.D. 378 to 825. Though he is a Kshatriya, the See also:

SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession follows the See also:

LOCAL

local See also:

CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of See also:

INHERITANCE

inheritance through See also:

FEMALES

females; consequently his sanad of See also:

ADOPTION (Lat. adoptio, for adoptalio, from adoptare, to choose for oneself)

adoption authorizes him to adopt sisters' sons. For some generations the rulers have been men of See also:

EDUCATION

education and characte', and the state is conspicuous for See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration and prosperity. Education, and See also:

FEMALE

female education in particular, is more advanced than in any other See also:

PART

part of India.

The two dominant sections of the population are the Namburi Brahmins and the Nairs or military See also:

CASTE (through the Fr. from Span. and Port. casta, lineage, Lat. cast us, pure)

caste. Native Christians, chiefly of the Syrian rite, See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form nearly one-See also:

FOURTH

fourth of the whole, being more numerous than in any Madras district. See V. Nagam Aiya, Travancore State See also:

MANUAL

Manual (Trivandrum, r906).

End of Article: TRAVANCORE

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