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simple leaves are generally entire or inconspicuously toothed, and are alternate, opposite or whorled in arrangement; they are generally exstipulate, but small See also:

CADUCOUS (Lat. caducus)

caducous stipules occur in Fuchsia, Circaea and other genera. The See also:

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers are often solitary in the See also:

LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf-axils, as in many fuchsias, Clarkia, &c., or associated, as in Epilobium and Oenothera, in large showy terminal spikes or racemes; in Circaea the small See also:

white or red 1 He is said to have reigned seven days, but the LXX. (B) in 1 See also:

KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

Kings xvi. 15 read seven years. Further confusion is caused by the fact that the LXX. reads Zimri throughout for See also:

OMRI

Omri. flowers are See also:

BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne in terminal and lateral racemes. The See also:

REGULAR

regular flowers have the parts in fours, the typical arrangement as illustrated by Epilobium, Oenothera and Fuchsia being as follows: 4 sepals, 4 petals, two alternating whorls of 4 stamens, and 4 inferior carpels. The floral receptacle is produced above the ovary into the so-called calyx-See also:

TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube, which is often petaloid, as in Fuchsia, and is sharply distinguished from the ovary, from which it separates of ter flowering.

In Clarkia the inner whorl of stamens is often barren, and in an allied genus, Eucharidium, it is absent. In Circaea the See also:

flower has its parts 0 r, Flower cut open after removal of of Circaea. sepals; 2, See also:

FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit; 3, floral See also:

DIAGRAM

diagram. in twos. Both sepals and petals are See also:

FREE

free; the former have a broad insertion, are valvate in bud, and reflexed in the flower; in Fuchsia they are petaloid. The petals have a narrow See also:

ATTACHMENT

attachment, and are generally convolute in bud; they are entire (Fuchsia) or bilobed (Epilobium); in some species of Fuchsia they are small and See also:

scale-like, or absent (F. apetala). The stamens are free, and those of the inner whorl are generally shorter than those of the See also:

OUTER

outer whorl. The flowers of Lopezia (Central See also:

AMERICA

America) have only one fertile stamen. The large spherical See also:

POLLEN, AUGUST (or, as he afterwards called himself, ADOLF) LUDWIG (1794-1855)

pollen grains are connected by viscid threads. The typically quadrilocular ovary contains numerous ovules on See also:

AXILE

axile placentas; the 1-to-2-celled ovary of Circaea has a single sa. ovule in each loculus. The See also:

long slender See also:

style has a capitate (Fuchsia), 4-rayed (Oenothera, Epilobium) or 4-notched (Cir- caea) stigma. The flowers, which have generally an at- tractive corolla and See also:

HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey secreted by a swollen disk at the See also:

BASE

base of the style or on the See also:

LOWER

lower See also:

PART

part of the " calyx-tube," are adapted for See also:

POLLINATION

pollination by See also:

INSECTS

insects, chiefly bees and lepi- doptera; sometimes by See also:

NIGHT

night- flying insects when the flowers are See also:

PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale and open towards evening, as in evening primrose. The fruit is generally a See also:

CAPSULE (from the Lat. capsula, a small box)

capsule splitting into 4 valves and leaving a central See also:

COLUMN (Lat. columna)

column on which the seeds are borne as in Epilobium and Oenothera- in the former the seeds are scattered by aid of a long tuft of silky hairs on the broader end.

In Fuchsia the fruit is a See also:

berry, which is sometimes edible, and in Circaea a See also:

nut bearing recurved bristles. The seeds are exalbuminous. Several of the genera are well known as See also:

GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden plants, e.g. Fuchsia, Oenothera, Clarkia and Godetia. Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis), a native of See also:

North America, occurs apparently See also:

WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild as a garden See also:

ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape in Britain. Jussieua is a tropical genus of See also:

WATER

water- and See also:

marsh-herbs with well-See also:

DEVELOPED

developed aerating See also:

TISSUE (Fr. tissu, tissue, participle of tisser, Lat. texere, to weave)

tissue.

End of Article: ONAGRACEAE

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