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Area, 4729 sq. m.; pop. (1906, estimate), 1,67 5,200. Geologically it represents a continuation of Upper Silesia, and is built up of Upper Carboniferous deposits, containing near Bendzin a See also:

bed of See also:

COAL

coal 265 sq. m. in extent. See also:

PERMIAN

Permian and See also:

JURASSIC

Jurassic deposits, containing See also:

ZINC

zinc ores, as also See also:

LIGNITE (Lat. lignum, wood)

lignite and See also:

LIMONITE, or BROWN IRON ORE

limonite See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron ores, overlie the Carboniferous. The See also:

SURFACE

surface consists of a See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of heights, loon to 1600 ft. above See also:

sea-level, intersected by ravines, and stretching from See also:

south-See also:

west to See also:

north-See also:

east. The government is drained by the Warta and the Pilica, andwas formerly covered with thick forests. It was colonized by Mazurs and Poles (Veliko-Polyans and Malo-Polyans). The government, which is the most densely peopled in the Russian See also:

EMPIRE

Empire, is divided into eight districts, of which the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief towns are Piotrkow, Bendzin, Brzeziny, See also:

CZENSTOCHOWA, or CHENSTOKHOV

Czenstochowa, Lask, See also:

LODZ (L6dz; more correctly Lodzia)

Lodz, Nowo-Radom and Rawa. See also:

Agriculture and See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle-breeding are extensively carried on; and coal and iron are See also:

MINED

mined. Textile See also:

INDUSTRIES

industries See also:

DEVELOPED

developed with extraordinary rapidity during the closing years of the 19th and the opening years of the loth centuries, the towns of Lodz, See also:

PABIANICE

Pabianice, Zgerz and Bendzin all being important centres.

Other branches of productive See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry are distilleries, breweries, See also:

FLOUR

flour-See also:

mills, brickyards, See also:

SUGAR

sugar, See also:

CEMENT (from Lat. caementum, rough pieces of stone, a shortened form of caedimentum, from caedere, to cut)

cement, See also:

glass and See also:

CANDLE (Lat. candela, from candere, to glow)

candle factories. Granica and Sosnowice, in this government, are two of the mostimportant See also:

CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom-houses in See also:

Russia, and the See also:

ANNUAL

annual See also:

trade is estimated at £22,000,000.

End of Article: PIOTRKOW (Ger. Petrikau)

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PIOZZI, HESTER LYNCH (1741-1821)