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See also:SCHIAPARELLI, GIOVANNI VIRGINIO (1835-191o) , See also:Italian astronomer and senator of the See also:kingdom of See also:Italy, was See also:born on the 14th of See also:March 1835 at See also:Savigliano in See also:Piedmont. He entered See also:Turin university in 1850, and graduated in 1854. Two years later he went to See also:Berlin to study See also:astronomy under See also:Encke, and in 1859 was appointed assistant observer at Pulkova, a See also:post which he resigned in 186o for a similar one at Brera, See also:Milan. On the See also:death of See also:Francesco Carlini (b. 1783) in 1862, Schiaparelli succeeded to the directorship, a position which' he held until 1900. He died at Milan on the 4th of See also:July 191o.
Schiaparelli was primarily an observer—his first See also:discovery was of the asteroid Hesperia in 1861—but he had also considerable mathematical gifts, as is shown in his treatment of orbital motions, published in 1864, and in other papers. His See also:great contribution to astronomy See also:dates from 1866, when he showed that meteors or See also:shooting stars See also:traverse space in cometary orbits, and, in particular, that the orbits of the Perseids and See also:Comet III., 1862, and of the Leonids and Comet I., 1866, were practically the same. These discoveries, subsequently amplified in his Le Stelle cadenti (1873) and in his See also:Nome
per le osservazioni dellestelle cadenti dei bolidi (1896) gained for him the
See also:Lalande See also:prize of the See also:Academy of Sciences, See also:Paris, in 1868, and the See also:gold See also:medal and See also:foreign associateship of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1872. He next worked on the See also:double stars, but his result¢ have only been partially published. This labour was followed in
1877 by observations of the See also:surface of See also:Mars, whereon he detected, among other See also:peculiar characters, certain streaky markings or canals, the nature and origin of which is still controversial (see MARS). See also:Mercury and See also:Venus were also studied, and he concluded that these See also:planets rotated on their axes in the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time as they revolved about the See also:sun ; but these views are questioned. He also discussed many other problems, such as stellar See also:distribution, the extent of the universe, &c., whilst at Brera. On his retirement he turned to the astronomy of the See also:Hebrews and Babylonians; his earlier results are given in his L' Astronomia nell' antico Testamento (1903), a See also:work which has been translated into See also:English and See also:German, whilst later ones are to be found in various See also:journals, the last being in Scientia (1908).
End of Article: SCHIAPARELLI, GIOVANNI VIRGINIO (1835-191o)
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