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TRENGGANU

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 483 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TRENGGANU .—ThiS See also:

state on the See also:east See also:coast, bounded N. and N.E. by the See also:China See also:Sea, S. by Pahang and W. by Pahang and See also:Kelantan, lies between See also:parallels 4° 4' and 4° 46' N. and toe° 30' and See also:roe 26' E. The greatest length from See also:north to See also:south is 12o m., and the greatest breadth from east to See also:west 5o m. It has a coast-See also:line of 13o m. and an estimated See also:area of about 5000 sq. m. There are several islands off the coast, some of which are inhabited. The See also:surface is generally mountainous. See also:Principal See also:rivers are the Besut, Stiu, Trengganu, Dungun and Kmamun, none of which is navigable for any distance. The See also:climate is mild and fairly healthy. The See also:population See also:numbers about 180,000, almost all See also:Malays, and mostly clusters See also:round the mouths and See also:lower reaches of the rivers. The See also:capital, which is situated at the mouth of the Trengganu See also:River, contains, with its suburbs, not less than 30,000 See also:people. Difficulty of See also:access by river and by See also:land render the interior districts almost uninhabitable. Communication is maintained by See also:boat along the coast. There are no roads and no postal 0,r telegraphic communications.

The See also:

majority of the people are sailors and fishermen. See also:Rice is grown, but not in sufficient quantities to See also:supply See also:local needs. Much See also:pepper and See also:gambier were at one See also:time grown and exported, but about the See also:year 1903 See also:agriculture began to fall off owing to prevailing in-See also:security of See also:life and See also:property. Not much livestock is raised, the few See also:head of See also:cattle exported from Besut being mostly stolen from across the neighbouring Kelantan border. A successful See also:tin mine under See also:European See also:control exists in the Kmamun See also:district, but as everything possible was done in the past to discourage all See also:foreign enterprise, the probable See also:mineral See also:wealth of the See also:country is still practically untouched. See also:Silk-See also:weaving, carried on entirely by the See also:women, is a considerable See also:industry. The silk is imported raw and is re-exported in the See also:form of See also:Malay clothing (sarongs) of patterns and quality which are widely celebrated. The manufacture of native weapons and of brassware was at one time brisk but is declining. The See also:trade of Trengganu is not increasing. It is valued roughly at about one and a See also:half million dollars a year, is chiefly with See also:Singapore, and is to a See also:great extent carried in Trengganu-built See also:ships, which latter also do some carrying trade for other states on the east coast. The Trengganu sultanate is one of the most See also:ancient in the See also:peninsula and ranks with that of Riau. The state was feudatory to.

Malacca in the 13th See also:

century and during the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries its See also:possession was frequently disputed between Malacca and See also:Siam. The See also:present See also:sultan is the descendant of an ancient See also:family, the members of which have quarrelled and fought with each other for the See also:succession from time immemorial. The last serious disturbance was in 1837 when the grandfather of the present sultan See also:stole the See also:throne from his See also:nephew. Until the acquisition of the state by Great See also:Britain a triennial See also:tribute of See also:gold See also:flowers was paid to Siam, and this with occasional letters of instructions and See also:advice, constituted almost the only tangible See also:evidence of Siamese See also:suzerainty. Of See also:government there was practically none. The sultan, having alienated most of his See also:powers and prerogatives to his relatives, passed his life in religious seclusion and was ruler in no more than name. The revenues were devoured by the relatives, a small See also:part of those accruing from the capital sufficing for the sultan's needs. There were no written See also:laws, no courts and no See also:police. All manner of See also:crime was rampant, the peasantry was mercilessly downtrodden, but the land was full of See also:holy men and the cries of the miserable were drowned in the See also:noise of ostentatious See also:prayer. In See also:fine, Trengganu presented in the beginning of the year 1909 the type of untrammelled Malay See also:rule which had .fortunately disappeared from every other state in the peninsula. In See also:July of that year, however, the first See also:British adviser or See also:agent arrived in the state, which was shortly afterwards visited by the See also:governor of the Straits Settlements, who discussed with the sultan the changed conditions consequent upon the Anglo-Siamese treaty and laid the See also:foundations of future reform.

End of Article: TRENGGANU

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