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TSAIDAM

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 347 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TSAIDAM , or more correctly TsADUM, a depression, or self-contained shallow See also:

basin in the N.E. of See also:Tibet, crossed by 37° N. and stretching from 92° to 97°. It is separated from the high See also:plateau of Tibet by the Burkhan-See also:Buddha range, and on the N.E. it is bounded by the eastward continuation of the Astintagh ranges, which there consist of four, namely, the See also:lower and upper ranges, and a subsidiary See also:chain flanking the lower range on the See also:north and another subsidiary chain flanking the upper range on the See also:south (see KUEN-LuN). The valleys which See also:divide the See also:east ranges of the Kuen-Lun See also:system terminate, or rather See also:merge in, the sandy See also:desert basin of Tsaidam; amongst them the Kakir valley between the upper Astin-tagh and the Akato-tagh and the See also:Kum-kol valley between the Kalta-alagan and the range I. of the Arka-tagh (see KUEN-LUN). Tsaidam lies at an See also:altitude of 11,400 ft. or about 3000 ft. lower than the Kumkol lakes, and receives from the valley in which they See also:lie the See also:river Chulak-akkan or Tsagan tokhoy, which rises probably on the north slope of the Shapka-monomakha See also:Mountain, one of the culminating summits in the region north of the Arka-tagh range. " It is very possible that the north-See also:west of Tsaidam, which is perfectlyunknown, is broken up into several See also:separate basins. The south-east See also:part of the same See also:great expanse also appears to consist of several smaller basins rather than of one single great basin, each possessing its own See also:salt See also:lake; but then these smaller basins are undoubtedly separated from one another by remarkably See also:low and insignificant thresholds or swellings. " 1 The north-east part of the basin consists of a network of basins, which admit of being grouped in four divisions—Sartang or Serteng, Makhai, Tsadam or Tsaidam, and Kurlyk or Tosun. The characteristic feature of each of these is that which is found in so many of the valleys of the Tibetan border-See also:land, namely, a pair of linked lakes, one containing salt See also:water and the other fresh water. The only inhabitants of Tsaidam are See also:Mongols —Sartang Mongols in the north and Tajinur Mongols in the south. The south-east part of the region is drained by the Holuzun-nor or See also:BaIn-gol, an affluent of the upper Hwang-ho or Yellow River of See also:China. The Sartang basin is drained by the Khalting-gol and its tributary the Holuin-gol, which rise in the See also:Humboldt and See also:Ritter Mountains and empty into the lake of Sukhain-nor.

End of Article: TSAIDAM

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