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south, as it is hemmed in by the Arakan Yoma mountains, until, in the extreme south, it tapers away to a narrow strip not more than 15 M. across. The See also:

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast is studded with islands, the most important of which are See also:

CHEDUBA

Cheduba, Ramree and Shahpura. The division has its See also:

head-quarters at See also:

AKYAB

Akyab and consists of four districts—namely, Akyab, Northern Arakan See also:

Hill Tracts, See also:

SANDOWAY

Sandoway and See also:

KYAUKPYU

Kyaukpyu, formerly called Ramree. Its See also:

AREA

area is 18,540 sq. m. The See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population at the See also:

time of the See also:

BRITISH

British occupation in 1826 did not exceed 100,000. In 1831 it amounted to 173,000; in 1839 to 248,000, and in 1901 to 762,102. The See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

rivers of Arakan are—(r) the Naaf estuary, in the See also:

north, which forms the boundary between the division and Chittagong; (2) the Myu See also:

RIVER

river, an See also:

ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm of the See also:

sea, running a course almost parallel with the coast for about 50 m.; (3) the Koladaing river, rising near the See also:

BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

Blue See also:

mountain, in the extreme north-See also:

east, and falling into the Bay of Bengal a few See also:

MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles south of the Myu river, navigable by vessels of from 300 to 400 tons See also:

BURDEN, or BURTHEN

burden for a distance of 40 M. inland; and (4) the Lemyu river, a considerable stream falling into the bay a few miles south of the Koladaing. Farther to the south, owing to the nearness of the range which See also:

BOUNDS, BEATING THE

bounds Arakan on the east, the rivers are of but little importance. These are the Talak and the Aeng, navigable by boats; and the Sandoway, the Taungup and the Gwa streams, the latter of which alone has any importance, owing to its mouth forming a See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

PORT

port of See also:

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call or haven for vessels of from 9 to 10 ft. See also:

DRAUGHT (from the common Teutonic word " to draw "; cf. Ger. 7'racht, load; the pronunciation led to the variant form " draft," now confined to certain specific meanings)

draught. There are several passes over the Yoma mountains, the easiest being that called the Aeng route, leading from the See also:

VILLAGE

village of that name into Upper Burma.

The See also:

STAPLE

staple See also:

CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop of the See also:

province is See also:

rice, along with See also:

cotton, See also:

TOBACCO

tobacco, See also:

SUGAR

sugar, See also:

HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp and See also:

INDIGO (earlier indico, from Lat. indicum, the Indian sub-stance or dye; the Sans. name was niti, from nila, dark blue, and this through Arab. al-nil, annil, gives " aniline ")

indigo. The forests produce abundance of excellent See also:

OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak and See also:

TEAK

teak See also:

TIMBER

timber. The natives of Arakan trace their See also:

HISTORY

history as far back as 2666 B.C., and give a lineal See also:

SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession of 227 native princes down to See also:

MODERN

modern times. According to them, their See also:

EMPIRE

empire had at one See also:

period far wider limits, and extended over See also:

Ava, part of See also:

CHINA

China, and a portion of Bengal. This See also:

EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of their empire is not, however, corroborated by known facts in history. At different times the Moguls and Pegus carried their arms into the See also:

heart of the country. The Portuguese, during the era of their greatness in See also:

ASIA

Asia, gained a temporary See also:

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment in Arakan; but in 1782 the province was finally conquered by the Burmese, fromal 5 which period until its cession to the British in 1826, under the treaty of Yandaboo, its history forms part of that of Burma. The old See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of Arakan, formerly the See also:

capital of the province, is situated on an inferior See also:

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the Koladaing river. Its remoteness from the ports and harbours of the country, combined with the extreme unhealthiness of its situation, have led to its See also:

GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual decay subsequently to the formation of the comparatively See also:

RECENT

recent See also:

settlement of Akyab, which See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place is now the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

TOWN

town of the province. The old city (now Myohaung) lies 5o m. north-east of Akyab. The Maghs, who See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form nearly the whole population of the province, follow the Buddhist doctrines, which are universally professed throughout Burma. The priests are selected from all classes of men, and one of their chief employments is the See also:

EDUCATION

education of See also:

CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children.

Instruction is consequently widely diffused, and few persons, it is said, can be found in the province who are unable to read. The qualifications for entering into the priestly See also:

order are good conduct and a See also:

FAIR

fair measure of learning—such conduct at least as is good according to Buddhist tenets, and such learning as is esteemed among their votaries. The Arakanese are of Burmese origin, but separated from the See also:

PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent stock by the Arakan Yoma mountains, and they have a See also:

DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect and customs of their own. Though conquered by the Burmese, they have remained distinct from their conquerors. The Northern Arakan Hill Tracts See also:

DISTRICT

district is under a See also:

SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent, who is usually a See also:

POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police officer, with headquarters at Paletwa. The area of the Hill Tracts is 5233 sq. m. ; pop. (1901) 20,682. (J. G.

End of Article: ARAKAN

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