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BRAZING AND SOLDERING

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 463 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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BRAZING AND SOLDERING , in See also:

METAL
METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal See also:

WORK

work, termed respectively hard and soft soldering, are processes which correspond with soldering done at high and at See also:

low temperatures. The first embraces jointing effected with soldering mixtures into which See also:

COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, See also:

brass, or See also:

SILVER

silver largely enter, the second those in which See also:

lead and See also:

TIN (Lat.- stannum, whence the chemical symbol " Sn "; atomic weight =117.6, 0=16)

tin are the only, or the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal, constituents. Some metals, as See also:

ALUMINIUM (symbol Al; atomic weight 27.0)

aluminium and See also:

CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, are less easily soldered than others. Aluminium, owing to its high conductivity, removes the See also:

HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat from the See also:

SOLDER (derived through the French from Lat. soldare, to make solidus, firm)

solder rapidly. Aluminium enters into the See also:

composition of most of the solders for these metals, and the " soldering See also:

BIT (from the verb " to bite," either in the sense of a piece bitten off, or an act of biting, or a thing that bites or is bitten)

bit " is of pure See also:

nickel. The hard solders are the spelter and the silver solders. Soft spelter solder is composed of equal parts of copper and See also:

ZINC

zinc, melted and granulated and passed through a See also:

SIEVE (O.E. sife, older sibi, cf. Dutch zeef, Ger. Sieb; from the subst. comes O.E. siftan, to sift)

sieve. As some of the zinc volatilizes the ultimate proportions are not quite equal. The proportion of zinc is increased if the solder is required to be softer or more fusible. A valuable See also:

PROPERTY

property of the zinc is that its volatilization indicates the fusing of the solder. Silver solder is used for See also:

JEWELRY (O. Fr. jouel, Fr. joyau, perhaps from joie, joy; Lat. gaudium; retranslated into Low Lat. jocale, a toy, from jocus, by misapprehension of the origin of the word)

jewelry and other See also:

FINE

fine metal work, and has the See also:

ADVANTAGE

advantage of high fusing points. The hardest contains from 4 parts of silver to i of copper; the softest 2 of silver to 1 of in the See also:

DISTRICT

district in question, accompanied by a pecuniary See also:

INDEMNITY (through Fr. indemnite, Lat. indemnis, free from damage or loss; in-, negative, and damnum, loss)

indemnity, was signed by See also:

PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

President Alves at See also:

PETROPOLIS

Petropolis on the 17th of See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1903.

During the See also:

REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of the See also:

TERM

term of this president See also:

INTERNAL

internal and See also:

FINANCIAL

financial progress were undisturbed See also:

SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save by an outbreak in 1904 in the Cunani district, the very portion of disputed territory which had been assigned to See also:

Brazil by the See also:

arbitration with See also:

France. This See also:

province, being difficult of See also:

ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access, was able for a See also:

time to assert a See also:

PRACTICAL

practical See also:

independence. In 1906 Dr Affonso Penna, three times See also:

MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister under Pedro II., and at that time See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the See also:

state of See also:

MINAS [MINOIDES] (c. 1790-186o)

Minas-Geraes, of which he had founded the new See also:

capital, See also:

BELLO, ANDRES (1781–1865)

Bello Horizonte, was elected president, a choice due to a See also:

COALITION (Lat. coalitio, the verbal substantive of coalescere, to grow together)

coalition of the other states against Sao Paulo, to which all the See also:

RECENT

recent presidents had belonged. Penna's See also:

PRESIDENCY

presidency was distinguished by his successful efforts to See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place See also:

JUNE

June 19o9. (K. J ; C. E. A.; G. E.) See also:

GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

Geography, &c.: Elisee See also:

RECLUS, JEAN JACQUES ELISEE (1830-1905)

Reclus, Universal Geography (1875–r894), vol. xix. pp. 77-291; J. E. Wappaus, Geographica physica do Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, 1884) ; A.

Moreira See also:

Pinto, Chorographia do Brazil (5th ed., Rio de Janeiro, 1895); Therese Prinzessin von Bayern, Meine Reise indenbrasilianischen Tropen (See also:

Berlin, 1897) ; M. La.mberg, Brasilien, See also:

LAND

Land and Leute (See also:

LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1899) ; L. See also:

Hutchinson, See also:

REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report on See also:

Trade in Brazil (See also:

Washington, 1906); F. Katzer, Grundzuge der Geologic See also:

des unteren Amazonegebietes (Leipzig, 1903) ; J. C. Branner, A Bibliography of the See also:

GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

Geology, See also:

MINERALOGY

Mineralogy and Paleontology of Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, 1903) ; J. W. See also:

Evans, " The Rocks of the Cataracts of the See also:

RIVER

River See also:

Madeira and the adjoining Portions of the Beni and See also:

MAMORE

Mamore," Quart. Journ. Geol. See also:

Soc., See also:

LONDON

London, vol. lxii., 1906, pp. 88-124, pl.

End of Article: BRAZING AND SOLDERING

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