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C36H33CH

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Originally appearing in Volume V20, Page 76 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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C36H33CH : See also:

CH2+R•COOH ; from See also:tertiary See also:alcohols .by the See also:action of acetic anhydride in the presence of a small quantity of sulphuric See also:acid (L. See also:Henry, Comptes rendus, 1907, 144, p. 552) : (See also:CH3)2.C(OH)•CH(CH3)2-->(CH3)2C:C(CH3)2+CH2:C(CH3)•CH (CH3)2; from unsaturated alcohols by the action of See also:metal-ammonium compounds (E. Chablay, Comptes rendus, 1906, 143, p. 123) : 2CH2:CH•CH2OH+2NH3•Na = CH2:CH.CHs +CH2:CH. CH2ONa +NaOH+2NH3; from the See also:lower members of the See also:series by See also:heating them with alkyl halides in the presence of See also:lead See also:oxide or See also:lime: C5H1o+2CH3I=2H1+ C7H14; and by the action of the See also:zinc alkyls upon the halogen substituted olefines. A. Mailhe (Chem. Zeit., 1906, 30, p. 37) has shown that on passing the monohalogen derivatives of the paraffins through a See also:glass See also:tube containing reduced See also:nickel, See also:copper or See also:cobalt at 250° C., olefines are produced, together with the halogen acids, and recombination is prevented by passing the gases through a See also:solution of potash. The reaction probably proceeds thus: MC12+Cn.H2,~1Cl-HCI-i-Cl•M•C„H2„Cl—)MC12+C„H2,,, since the haloid derivatives of the monovalent metals do not See also:act similarly. The anhydrous chlorides of nickel, cobalt, See also:cadmium, See also:barium, See also:iron and lead act in the same way as catalysts at about 300° C., and the bromides of lead, cadmium, nickel and barium at about 320° C.

In their See also:

physical properties, the olefines resemble the normal paraffins, the lower members of the series being inflammable gases, the members from C5 to C,4 liquids insoluble in See also:water,and from C16 upwards of solids. The See also:chief normal members of the series are shown in the table. Name. See also:Formula. point. cg- Boiling-point. C. . C See also:Ethylene . . CH2:CH2 -169° -102.7° (757 mm.) Propylene . . CH3CH:CH2 .. -50.2° (749 mm.) Butylene . . C2H5•CH:CH2 .. -5° Amylene . . C3H7•CH:CH2 ..

39°—40° Hexylene . . C4H9CH:CH2 .. 68°—7o° Heptylene . . C&H11CH:CH2 .. 95° Octylene . . C6H13CH:CH2 .. 122°—123° Decylene . C5H1,CH:CH2 I .. 172° Undecylene . . C5 H19CH :CH2: 84° (18 mm.) Duodecylene . C1oH21CH:CH2 -31° 96° (15 mm.) In chemical properties, however, they differ very markedly from the paraffins. As unsaturated compounds they can combine with two monovalent atoms.

See also:

Hydrogen is absorbed readily at See also:ordinary temperature in the presence of See also:platinum See also:black, and paraffins are formed; the See also:halogens (See also:chlorine and See also:bromine) combine directly with them, giving dihalogen substituted compounds; the halogen halides to See also:form monohalogen derivatives (hydriodic acid reacts most readily, hydrochloric acid, least); and it is to be noted that the haloid acids attach themselves in such a manner that the halogen See also:atom unites itself to the See also:carbon atom which is in See also:combination with the fewest hydrogen atoms (W. Markownikow, See also:Ann., 1870, 153, p. 2561. They combine with hypochlorous acid to form chlorhydrins; and are easily soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, giving rise to sulphuric acid See also:esters; consequently if the solution be boiled with water, the See also:alcohol from which the See also:olefine was in the first See also:place derived is regenerated. The oxides of See also:nitrogen convert them into nitrosites and nitrosates (0. Wallach, Ann., 1887, 241, p. 288, &c.; J. See also:Schmidt, See also:Bet., 1902, 35. pp. 2323 et seq.). They also combine with nitrosyl bromide and chloride, and with many metallic haloid salts (platinum bichloride, See also:iridium chloride), with See also:mercury salts (see K. A. See also:Hofmann and J.

See also:

Sand, Ber., 1900, 33, pp. 1340 et seq.), and those with a tertiary carbon atom yield See also:double salts with zinc chloride. Dilute See also:potassium permanganate oxidizes the olefines to See also:glycols (G. See also:Wagner, Ber., 1888, 21, p. 3359). With See also:ozone they form ozonides (C. Harries, Ber., 1904, 37, p. 839). The higher members of the series readily polymerize in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid, zinc chloride, &c. For the first member of the series see ETHYLENE. Propylene, See also:C3H6, may be obtained by passing the vapour of trimethylene through a heated tube (S. M.

Tanatar, Ber., 1899, 32, pp. 702, 1965). It is a colourless See also:

gas which may be liquefied by a pressure of 7 to 8 atmospheres. Butylene, C4H3, exists in three Isomeric forms: normal butylene, C2H5•CH:CH2; pseudo-butylene, CH3.CH:CH•CH3;andisobutylene, (CH3)2C:CH2. Normal butylene is a readily condensible gas. Two spatial modifications of pseudobutylene, CH3•CH:CH•CH3,are known, the cis and the trans; they are prepared by heating the See also:sodium salts of hydro-iodo-tiglic and hydro-iodo-angelic acids respectively (J. See also:Wislicenus, Ann., 1900, 313, p. 228). Isobutylene, (CH3)2C: CH2, is formed in the dry See also:distillation of fats, and also occurs among the products obtained when the vapour of fusel oil is led through a heated tube. It is a gas at ordinary temperature, and may be liquefied, the liquid boiling at -5° C. It combines with acetyl chloride in the presence of zinc chloride to form a ketone, which on warming breaks down into hydrochloric acid and mesityl oxide (I. L.

Kondakow, Jour. Russ. phys. chem. See also:

Soc. 26, p. 12). It polymerizes, giving isodibutylene, C3H16, and isotributylene, C12H24, liquids which See also:boil at 110-113° and 178-181° C. Amylene, CSHlo, exists in five isomeric forms, viz. (n) propylethvlene, CH3•CH2•CH2•CH: CH2; isopropylethylene, (CH3)2CH • CIS : CH2; symmetrical methyl-See also:ethyl-ethylene, CH,. CH : CH • See also:C2H6; unsymmetrical methyl-ethyl-ethylene, (CH3)(C2H5)C:CH2; and trimethyl ethylene, (CH3)2C:CH(CH3). The highest members of the series as yet known are cerotene, C26H62, which is obtained by the distillation of See also:Chinese See also:wax and is a See also:paraffin-like solid which melts at 57° C., and melene, C3oH60(?), which is obtained by the distillation of bees'-wax. It melts at 62° C. (B.

J. See also:

Brodie, Ann., 1848, 67, p. 210; 1849, 71, p. 156).

End of Article: C36H33CH

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