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CAMBAY

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Originally appearing in Volume V05, Page 82 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CAMBAY , a native See also:

state of See also:India, within the See also:Gujarat See also:division of Bombay. It has an See also:area of 350 sq. m. Pop. (1901) 75,225, showing a decrease of 16% in the See also:decade, due to the See also:famine of 1899-1900. The estimated See also:gross See also:revenue is £27,189; the See also:tribute, £1460. In See also:physical See also:character Cambay is entirely an alluvial See also:plain. As a See also:separate state it See also:dates only from about 1730, the See also:time of the dismemberment of the See also:Mogul See also:empire. The See also:present chiefs are descended from Momin See also:Khan II., the last of the See also:governors of Gujarat, who in 1742 murdered his See also:brother-in-See also:law`, See also:Nizam Khan, See also:governor of Cambay, and established himself there. The See also:town o'f CAMBAY had a See also:population in 1901 of 31,780. It is supposed to be the Camanes of See also:Ptolemy, and was formerly a very flourishing See also:city, the seat of an extensive See also:trade, and celebrated for its manufactures of See also:silk, See also:chintz and See also:gold stuffs; but owing principally to the gradually increasing difficulty of See also:access by See also:water, owing to the silting up of the gulf, its See also:commerce has See also:long since fallen away, and the town has become poor and dilapidated, The See also:spring tides rise upwards of 3o ft., and in a channel usually so shallow See also:form a serious danger to See also:shipping. The trade is chiefly confined to the export of See also:cotton. The town is celebrated for its manufacture of See also:agate and See also:carnelian ornaments, of reputation principally in See also:China.

The houses in many instances are built of See also:

stone (a circumstance which indicates the former See also:wealth of the city, as the material had to be brought from a very considerable distance); and remains of a See also:brick See also:wall, 3 m. in circumference, which formerly surrounded the town, enclose four large reservoirs of See also:good water and three bazaars. To the See also:south-See also:east there are very extensive ruins of subterranean temples and other buildings See also:half-buried in the See also:sand by which the See also:ancient town was overwhelmed. These temples belong to the See also:Jains, and contain two massive statues of their deities, the one See also:black, the other See also:white. The See also:principal one, as the inscription intimates, is Pariswanath, or Parswanath, carved in the reign of the See also:emperor See also:Akbar; the black one has the date of 1651 inscribed. In 178o Cambay was taken by the See also:army of See also:General Goddard, was restored to the See also:Mahrattas in 1783, and was afterwards ceded to the See also:British by the See also:peshwa under the treaty of 1803. It was provided with a railway in 1901 by the opening of the 11 m. required to connect with the See also:gaekwar of See also:Baroda's See also:line through Petlad.

End of Article: CAMBAY

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