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DRY ROT , a fungoid disease in See also:timber which occasions the destruction of its See also:fibres, and reduces it eventually to a See also:mass of drydust. It is produced most readily in a warm, moist, stagnant See also:atmosphere, while See also:common or wet rot is the result of the exposure of See also:wood to repeated changes of See also:climatic conditions. The most formidable of the dry rot See also:fungi is the See also:species Merulius lacrymans, which is particularly destructive of coniferous wood; other species are Polyporus hybridus, which thrives in See also:oak-built See also:ships, and P. destructor and Thelephora puteana, found in a variety of wooden structures.
The See also:felling of trees when void of fresh See also:sap, as a means of obviating the rotting of timber, is a practice of very See also:ancient origin. See also:Vitruvius directs (ii. cap. 9) that, to secure See also:good timber, trees should be cut to the See also:pith, so as to allow of the See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape of their sap, which by dying in the wood would injure its quality; also that felling should take See also:place only from See also:early autumn until the end of See also:winter. The supposed See also:superior quality of wood cut in winter, and the early practice in See also:England of felling oak timber at that See also:season, may be inferred from a See also:statute of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James I., which enacted " that no See also:person or persons shall See also:fell, or cause to be felled, any oaken trees meet to be barked, when bark is See also:worth 2S. a See also:cart-load (timber for the needful See also:building and reparation of houses, ships or See also:mills only excepted), but between the first See also:day of See also:April and last day of See also:June, not even for the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king's use, out of See also:barking See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, except for building or repairing his See also:Majesty's houses or ships." In giving testimony before a See also:committee of the See also:House of See also:Commons in See also:March 1771, Mr See also:Barnard of See also:Deptford expressed it as his See also:opinion that to secure durable timber for See also:shipbuilding, trees should be barked in See also:spring and not felled till the succeeding winter. In See also:France, so See also:long ago as 1669, a royal See also:decree limited the felling of timber from the 1st of See also:October to the 15th of April; and, in an See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order issued to the commissioners of forests, See also:Napoleon I. directed that the felling of See also:naval timber should take place only from See also:November 1 to March 15, and during the decrease of the See also:- MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
- MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)
moon, on See also:account of the rapid decay of timber, through the See also:fermentation of its sap, if cut at other seasons. The burying of wood in See also:water, which dissolves out or alters its putrescible constituents, has long been practised as a means of seasoning. The old " Resistance " See also:frigate, which went down in See also:Malta See also:harbour, remained under water for some months, and on being raised was found to be entirely freed from the dry rot fungus that had previously covered her; similarly, in the See also:ship " See also:Eden," the progress of rot was completely arrested by 18 months' submergence in See also:Plymouth See also:Sound, so that after remaining a See also:year at See also:home in excellent See also:condition she was sent out to the See also:East Indies. It was an ancient practice in England to place timber for See also:thrashing-floors and oak planks for wainscotting in See also:running water to season them. See also:Whale and other See also:oils have been recommended for the preservation of wood; and in 1737 a patent for the employment of hot oil was taken out by a Mr See also:Emerson.
For the See also:modern processes of preserving timber see TIMBER.
End of Article: DRY ROT
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