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FRANCIS V

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 937 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FRANCIS V . (1819–1375), See also:duke of See also:Modena, son of Francis IV., succeeded his See also:father in 1846. Although less cruel and also less intelligent than his father, he had an equally high See also:opinion of his own authority. His reign began with disturbances at Fivizzano and See also:Pontremoli, which See also:Tuscany surrendered to him according to treaty but against the wishes of the inhabitants (1847), and at See also:Massa and See also:Carrara, where the troops shot down the See also:people. Feeling his position insecure, the duke asked for and obtained an See also:Austrian See also:garrison, but on the outbreak of revolution throughout See also:Italy and at See also:Vienna in 1848, further disorders occurred in the duchy, and on the loth of See also:March he fled with his See also:family to See also:Mantua. A provisional See also:government was formed, and See also:volunteers were raised who fought with the Piedmontese against See also:Austria. But after the Piedmontese defeat Francis returned to Modena, with Austrian assistance, in See also:August and conferred many appointments on Austrian See also:officers. Like his father, he interfered in the minutest details of See also:administration and instituted proceedings against all who were suspected of Liberalism. Not content with the severity of his See also:judges, he overrode their sentences in favour of harsher_punishments. The disturbances at Carrara were ruthlessly suppressed, and the prisons filled with politicals. In 1859 See also:numbers of See also:young Modenese fled across the frontier to join the Piedmontese See also:army, as See also:war with Austria seemed imminent; and after the Austrian defeat at See also:Magenta the duke See also:left Modena to See also:lead his army in See also:person against the Piedmontese, taking with him the contents of the See also:state See also:treasury and many valuable books, pictures, coins, tapestries and See also:furniture from the See also:palace. The events of 1859–186o made his return impossible; and after a See also:short spell of provisional government the duchy was See also:united to Italy.

He retired to Austria, and died at See also:

Munich in See also:November 1875. BiamoGxppay.—N. Bianchi, I Ducati Estensi (See also:Turin, 1852) ; See also:Galvani, Memorie di S.A.R. See also:Francesco IV (Modena, 1847); Documenti riguardanti ii governo degli Austro-Estensi in Modena (Modena, 186o) ; C. ,Tivaroni, L'Italia dvcrante it domino austriaco, is 6o6,653 (Turin, 1892), and L'Italia degli See also:Italian, i. 114-125 (Turin, 1895); Silingardi, ' Ciro Menotti," in the Rivista europea (See also:Florence, 188o) ; F. A. Gualterio, Gli ultimi rivolgimenti italiani (Florence, 185o) See also:Bayard de See also:Volo, Vita di Francesco V (4 vols., Modena, 1878-1885). (L.

End of Article: FRANCIS V

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