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MIDHAT PASHA (1822–1884)
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MIDHAT See also:PASHA (1822–1884) , See also:Turkish statesman, the son of a See also:civil See also:judge, was See also:born at See also:Constantinople in 1822. His See also:father, a declared See also:partisan of reform, trained him for an administrative career, and at the See also:age of twenty-two he was attached as secretary to See also:Falk See also:Effendi, whom he accompanied in See also:Syria for three years. On his return to Constantinople Midhat was appointed See also:chief director of confidential reports, and after a new See also:financial See also:mission in Syria was made second secretary of the See also:grand See also:council. His enemies, however, succeeded in ousting him from this See also:post, and caused him to be entrusted with the apparently impossible task of settling the revolt and See also:brigandage rampant in See also:Rumelia. His See also:measures were drastic and their success was startling and the See also:government made him an See also:official of the first See also:rank and restored him to his See also:place in the grand council. In similar vigorous See also:fashion he restored See also:order in See also:Bulgaria in 1857. In ,.86o he was made See also:vizier and pasha, and entrusted with the government of Nisch, where his reforms were so beneficial that the See also:sultan charged him, in See also:conjunction with Fuad Pasha and See also:Ali Pasha, to prepare the See also:scheme for adapting them to the See also:empire which was afterwards known as the See also:law of the vilayets. After further administrative See also:work in his See also:province, he was ordered to organize the council of See also:state in 1866, and was then made See also:governor of See also:Bagdad, where his success was as decisive as at Nisch, but attended with much greater difficulties. In 1871 the See also:anti-reform See also:influence of the grand vizier, Mahmoud Nedim, seemed to Midhat a danger to the See also:country, and in a See also:personal interview he boldly stated his views to the sultan, who was so struck with their force and entire disinterestedness that he appointed Midhat grand vizier in place of Mahmoud. Too See also:independent, however, for the See also:court, Midhat remained in See also:power only three months, and after a See also:short governorship of See also:Salonica he lived apart from affairs at Constantinople until 1875. From this See also:time forward, however, Midhat Pasha's career resolved itself into a See also:series of See also:strange and almost romantic adventures. While sympathizing with the ideas and aims of the " See also:Young See also:Turkey " party, he was anxious to restrain its impatience, but the sultan's obduracy led to a See also:coalition between the grand vizier, the See also:war See also:minister and Midhat Pasha, which deposed him in May 1876, and he was murdered in the following See also:month. His See also:nephew See also:Murad V. was in turn deposed in the following See also:August and replaced by his See also:brother, Abdul Hamid II. Midhat Pasha now became grand vizier, reforms were freely promised, and the See also:Ottoman See also:parliament was inaugurated with a See also:great flourish. In the following See also:February, however, Midhat was dismissed and banished for supposed complicity in the See also:murder of Abdul Aziz. He then visited various See also:European capitals, and remained for some time in See also:London, where he carefully studied the See also:procedure in the See also:House of See also:Commons. Again recalled in 1878, he was appointed governor of Syria, and in August exchanged offices with the governor of See also:Smyrna. But in the following May the sultan again ordered him to be arrested, and although he effected his See also:escape and appealed to the See also:powers, he shortly afterwards saw See also:fit to surrender, claiming a See also:fair See also:hearing. The trial accordingly took place in See also:June, when Midhat and the others were sentenced to See also:death. It was, however, generally regarded as a mockery, and on the intercession of the See also:British government the See also:sentence was commuted to banishment. The remaining three years of his See also:life were consequently spent in See also:exile at Taif in See also:Arabia, where he died, probably by violence, on the 8th of May 1884. To great ability, wide sympathies, and undoubted patriotism he added absolutehonesty, that rare quality in a vizier, for he See also:left See also:office as poor as when he entered it. (G. F. Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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