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MIRKHOND (1433-1498)

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 575 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MIRKHOND (1433-1498) . Mohammed See also:bin Khawandshah bin Mahmud, commonly called Mirkhwand or Mirkhawand, more See also:familiar to Europeans under the name of Mirkhond, was See also:born in 1433, the son of a very pious and learned See also:man who, although belonging to an old See also:Bokhara See also:family of Sayyids, or See also:direct descendants of the See also:Prophet, lived and died in See also:Balkh. From his See also:early youth he applied himself to See also:historical studies and literature in See also:general. In See also:Herat, where he spent the greater See also:part of his See also:life, he gained the favour of that famous See also:patron of letters, Mir `Alishir (1440-1501), who served his old schoolfellow, the reigning See also:sultan Husain (who as the last of the Timurides in See also:Persia ascended the See also:throne of Herat in 1468), first as keeper of the See also:seal, afterwards as See also:governor of Jurjan.. At the See also:request of Mir `Alishir, himself a distinguished statesman and writer, Mirkhond began about 1474, in the quiet See also:convent of Khilasiyah, which his patron had founded in Herat as a See also:house of See also:retreat for See also:literary men of merit, his See also:great See also:work on universal See also:history, See also:Rau;at-ussafa fi sirat-ulanbid walmuluk walkhulafa or See also:Garden of Purity on the See also:Biography of Prophets, See also:Kings and Caliphs. He made no See also:attempt at a See also:critical examination of historical traditions, and wrote in a flowery and often bombastic See also:style, but in spite of this See also:drawback, Mirkhond's Rau;at remains one of the most marvellous achievements in literature. It comprises seven large volumes and a See also:geographical appendix; but the seventh See also:volume, the history of the sultan Husain (1438—1505), together with a See also:short See also:account of some later events down to 1523, cannot have been written by Mirkhond himself, who died in 1498. He may have compiled the See also:preface, but the See also:main portion of this volume is probably the work of his See also:grandson, the historian Khwandamir (1475—1534), to whom also a part of the appendix must be ascribed. For accounts of Mirkhond's life see De Sacy's " See also:Notice sur Mirkhond " in his Mimoires sur diverses antiquites de la Perse (See also:Paris, 1793); Jourdain's " Notice de 1'histoire universelle de Mirkhond " in the Notices et extraits, vol. ix. (Paris, 1812); Elliot, History of See also:India, iv. 127 seq. ; See also:Morley, Descriptive See also:Catalogue (See also:London, 1854), p.

30 seq.; See also:

Rieu, See also:Cat. of See also:Persian See also:MSS. of the Brit. See also:Mus. (vol. i. London, 1879), p. 87 seq. Besides the lithographed See also:editions of the whole work in See also:folio (Bombay, 1853, and See also:Teheran, 1852—1856) and a See also:Turkish version (See also:Constantinople, 1842), the following portions of Mirkhond's history have been published by See also:European Orientalists: Early Kings of Persia, by D. Shea (London, 1832) (See also:Oriental See also:Translation Fund) ; L'Histoire de la dynastie See also:des Sassanides, by S. de Sacy (in the above-mentioned Memoires) ; Histoire des Sassanides (texte Persan), by See also:Jaubert (Paris, 1843); Historia priorum regum Persarum, Persian and Latin, by Jenish (See also:Vienna, 1782) ; 161irchondi historia Taheridarum, Persian and Latin, by Mitscherlik (See also:Gottingen, 1814, 2nd ed., See also:Berlin, '8'9); Historia Samanidarum, Persian and Latin, by Wilken (Gottingen, '8o8); Histoire des Samanides, translated by Defremery (Paris, 1845); Historia Ghaznevidarum, Persian and Latin, by Wilken (Berlin, 1832) ; Geschichte der Sultane aus dem Geschlechte Bujeh, Persian and See also:German, by Wilken (Berlin, '835); followed by See also:Erdmann's Erlauterung and Erganzung (Kazan, '836); Historia Seldschuckidarum, ed. Vullers (See also:Giessen, 1837); and a German trans. by the same; Histoire des Sultans du Kharezm, in Persian, by Defremery (Paris, 1842) ; History of the Atabeks of See also:Syria and Persia, in Persian, by W. Morley (London, '848); Historia Ghuridarum, Persian and Latin, by Mitscherlik (See also:Frankfort, '818); Histoire des Sultans Ghurides, trans. into See also:French by Defremery (Paris, 1844) ; See also:Vie de Djenghiz-See also:Khan, in Persian, by Jaubert (Paris, 1841) (see also extracts from the same 5th vol. in French trans. by Langles in vol. vi. of Notices et extraits, Paris, 1799, p. 192 seq.), and by See also:Hammer in Sur See also:les origins russes, St See also:Petersburg, 1825, p. 52 seq.) ; " Timur's Expedition against Tuktamish Khan," Persian and French, by Charmoy, in Memoires de l'acad. impel.. de St Petersbourg (1836), pp. 270—321 and 441—471.

(H.

End of Article: MIRKHOND (1433-1498)

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