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OAXACA, OAJACA (from Aztec Huaxyacac)...

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 944 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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OAXACA, OAJACA (from Aztec Huaxyacac), or OAXACA DE See also:JUAREZ (See also:official See also:title) , See also:capital of the Mexican See also:state of Oaxaca, in the central See also:part of the state 288 m. S.E. of the See also:City of See also:Mexico, and about 153 M. from Puerto See also:Angel on the Pacific; in See also:lat. 17° 3' N., See also:long. 96° 40' W. Pop. (190o) 35,049, largely See also:Indians, most of whom are Mixtecas and Zapotecas. Oaxaca is connected with See also:Puebla (211 m.) by the Mexican See also:Southern railway. The city lies in a broad, picturesque valley 5085 ft. above See also:sea-level, and has a mild temperate See also:climate; See also:annual rainfall about 33 in.; mean annual temperature 68° F. It forms the see of a bishopric dating from 1535, and has a See also:fine old See also:cathedral (occupying the See also:north See also:side of the plaza See also:mayor), built in the See also:Spanish See also:Renaissance See also:style and dating from 1553; rebuilt in 1702. According to tradition the Aztec military See also:post and See also:town of Huaxyacac was founded in 1486. The date of the first Spanish See also:settlement is uncertain, but it was probably between 1522 and 1528. The Oaxaca Valley, including several native towns, had been given to Cones, together with the title marquez del See also:Valle de Oaxaca.

To injure him, the audiencia then administering the See also:

government, founded the See also:villa of See also:Antequera in See also:close proximity to Huaxyacac and on lands belonging to Cones in 1529, though a settlement had been made at the See also:Indian town at an earlier date. Antequera was made a city in 1532 and the see of a bishopric in 1535, though it had but few Spanish inhabitants and no opportunity to expand. This anomalous state of affairs was eventually settled, Antequera was absorbed by Huaxyacac, and the Spanish corrupted the See also:pronunciation to Oaxaca. The city suffered severely in the earthquakes of 1727 and 1787, the cathedral being greatly damaged in the former. It had a chequered career in the See also:War of See also:Independence, being captured by See also:Morelos in 1812, reoccupied by the royalists in 1814, and recaptured by See also:Antonio See also:Leon in 1821. In 1823 it was again captured by See also:Nicolas See also:Bravo in the revolution against See also:Iturbide. In ,865 it was besieged by the See also:French under See also:Bazaine and surrendered by See also:General See also:Diaz (4th Feb.) but was recaptured by him on the 1st of See also:November 1866, after his See also:escape from Puebla. In the revolution promoted by Diaz in 1871–1872 the city was captured by the Juarist general Alatorre on the 4th of See also:January 1872, and in a second revolution of x876 it was captured by the See also:friends of Diaz on the 27th of January of that See also:year. OB, or OBI, a See also:river of See also:West See also:Siberia, known to the See also:Ostiaks as the As, Yag, Kolta and. Yema; to the See also:Samoyedes as the Kolta or Kuay; and to the See also:Tatars as the See also:Omar or See also:Umar. It is formed, 8 m. S.W. of Biysk in the government of See also:Tomsk, by the confluence of the Biya and the Katun.

Both these streams have their origin in the See also:

Altai (Sailughem) Mountains, the former issuing from See also:Lake Teletskoye, the latter, 400 M. long, bursting out of a See also:glacier on See also:Mount Byelukha. The Ob zigzags W. and N. until it reaches 55° N.; thence it curves See also:round to the N.W., and again N., See also:wheeling finally eastwards into the Gulf of Ob, a deep (600 m.) See also:bay of the See also:Arctic Ocean. The river splits up into more than one See also:arm, especially after receiving the large river Irtysh (from the See also:left) in 69° E. Other noteworthy tributaries are: on the right, the Tom, the Chulym, the See also:Ket, the Tym and the Vakh; and, on the left, the Vasyugan, the Irtysh (with the See also:Ishim and the Tobol) and the Sosva. The navigable See also:waters within its See also:basin reach a See also:total length of 9300 M. By means of the Tura, an affluent of the Tobol, it secures connexion with the See also:Ekaterinburg-See also:Perm railway at See also:Tyumen, and thus is linked on to the See also:rivers See also:Kama and See also:Volga in the See also:heart of See also:Russia. Its own length is 2260 m., and the See also:area of its basin 1,125,200 sq. m. A See also:system of canals, utilizing the Ket river, 56o m. long in all, connects the Ob with the See also:Yenisei. The Ob is See also:ice-See also:bound at See also:Barnaul from See also:early in November to near the end of See also:April, and at Obdursk, too m. above its mouth, from the end of See also:October to the beginning of See also:June. Its See also:middle reaches have been navigated by steamboats since 1845.

End of Article: OAXACA, OAJACA (from Aztec Huaxyacac), or OAXACA DE JUAREZ (official title)

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