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VITELLIUS, AULUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 147 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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VITELLIUS, AULUS , See also:Roman See also:emperor from the 2nd of See also:January to the 22nd of See also:December A.D. 69, was See also:born. on the 24th of See also:September A.D. 15. He was the son of See also:Lucius Vitellius, who had been See also:consul and See also:governor of See also:Syria under Tiberius. Aulus was consul in 48, and (perhaps in 6o-61) proconsul of See also:Africa, in which capacity he is said to have acquitted himself with See also:credit. Under See also:Galba, to the See also:general astonishment, at the end of 68 he was chosen to command the See also:army of See also:Lower See also:Germany, and here he made himself popular with his subalterns and with the soldiers by outrageous prodigality and excessive See also:good nature, which soon proved fatal to See also:order and discipline. Far from being ambitious or scheming, he was lazy and self-indulgent, fond of eating and drinking, and owed his See also:elevation to the See also:throne to See also:Caecina and See also:Valens, commanders of two legions on the See also:Rhine. Through these two men a military revolution was speedily accomplished, and See also:early in 69 Vitellius was See also:pro-claimed emperor at Colonia Agrippinensis (See also:Cologne), or, more accurately, emperor of the armies of Upper and Lower Germany. In fact, he was never acknowledged as emperor by the entire Roman See also:world, though at See also:Rome the See also:senate accepted him and decreed to him the usual imperial honours. He advanced into See also:Italy at the See also:head of a licentious and ruffianly soldiery, and Rome became the See also:scene of See also:riot and See also:massacre, gladiatorial shows and extravagant feasting. As soon as it was known that the armies of the See also:East, See also:Dalmatia and Illyricum had declared for See also:Vespasian, Vitellius, deserted by many of his adherents, would have resigned the See also:title of emperor. It was said that the terms of resignation had actually been agreed upon with See also:Primus, one of Vespasian's See also:chief supporters, but the See also:praetorians refused to allow him to carry out the agreement, See also:VITERBO 147 and forced him to return to the See also:palace, when he was on his way to See also:deposit the insignia of See also:empire in the See also:temple of See also:Concord.

On the entrance of Vespasian's troops into Rome he was dragged out of some miserable hiding-See also:

place, driven to the fatal Gemonian stairs, and there struck down. " Yet I was once your emperor," were the last and, as far as we know, the noblest words of Vitellius. During his brief See also:administration Vitellius showed indications of a See also:desire to govern wisely, but he was completely under the See also:control of Valens and Caecina, who for their own ends encouraged him in a course of vicious excesses which threw his better qualities into the background. See See also:Tacitus, Histories; Suetonius, Vitellius; Dio See also:Cassius lxv.; See also:Merivale, Hirt. of the See also:Romans under the Empire, chs. 56, 57; H. See also:Schiller, Geschichte der romischen Kaiserzeit, i. pt. I ; W. A. Spooner's ed. of the Histories of Tacitus (introduction); B. W. See also:Henderson, See also:Civil See also:War and See also:Rebellion in the Roman Empire, A.D. 69-70 (1908).

End of Article: VITELLIUS, AULUS

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