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AASEN, IVAR (1813-1896)
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See also:AASEN, IVAR (1813-1896) , See also:Norwegian philologist and lexicographer, was See also:born at Aasen i Orsten, in Sondmore, See also:Norway, on the 5th of See also:August 1813. His See also:father, a small See also:peasant-See also:farmer named Ivar Jonsson, died in 1826. He was brought up to See also:farm-See also:work, but he assiduously cultivated all his leisure in See also:reading, and when he was eighteen he opened an elementary school in his native See also:parish. In 1833 he entered the See also:household of H. C. Thoresen the See also:husband of the eminent writer Magdalene Thoresen, in See also:Hero, and here he picked up the elements of Latin. Gradually, and by dint of See also:infinite See also:patience and concentration, the See also:young peasant became See also:master of many See also:languages, and began the scientific study of their structure. About 1841 he had freed himself from all the See also:burden of See also:manual labour, and could occupy his thoughts with the See also:dialect of his native See also:district, the Sondmore; his first publication was a small collection of folk-songs in the Sondmore See also:language (1843). His remarkable abilities now attracted See also:general See also:attention, and he was helped to continue his studies undisturbed. His See also:Grammar of the Norwegian Dialects (1848) was the result of much labour, and of journeys taken to every See also:part of the See also:country. Aasen's famous See also:Dictionary of the Norwegian Dialects appeared in its See also:original See also:form in 1850, and from this publication See also:dates all the wide cultivation of the popular language in Norwegian, since Aasen really did no less than construct, out of the different materials at his disposal, a popular language or definite folke-maal for Norway. With certain modifications, the most important of which were introduced later by See also:Amen himself, this artificial language is that which has been adopted ever since by those who write in dialect, and which later enthusiasts have once more endeavoured to foist upon Norway as her See also:official language in the See also:place of Dano-Norwegian. Aasen composed poems and plays in the composite dialect to show how it should be used ; one of these dramas, The See also:Heir (1855), was frequently acted, and may be considered as the See also:pioneer of all the abundant dialect-literature of the last See also:half-See also:century, from Vinje down to Garborg. Aasen continued to enlarge and improve his grammars and his dictionary. He lived very quietly in lodgings in See also:Christiania, surrounded by his books and shrinking from publicity, but his name See also:grew into wide See also:political favour as his ideas about the language of the peasants became more and more the See also:watch-word of the popular party. Quite See also:early in his career, 1842, he had begun to receive a See also:stipend to enable him to give his entire attention to his philological investigations ; and the Storthingconscious of the See also:national importance of his work—treated him in this respect with more and more generosity as he advanced in years. He continued his investigations to the last, but it may be said that, after the 1873 edition of his Dictionary, he added but little to his stores. Ivar Aasen holds perhaps an isolated place in See also:literary See also:history as the one See also:man who has invented, or at least selected and constructed, a language which has pleased so many thousands of his countrymen that they have accepted it for their See also:schools, their sermons and their songs. He died in Christiania on the 23rd of See also:September 1896, and was buried with public honours. (E. G.) AB, the fifth See also:month of the ecclesiastical and the See also:eleventh of the See also:civil See also:year of the See also:Jews. It approximately corresponds to the See also:period of the 15th of See also:July to the 15th of August. The word is of Babylonian origin, adopted by the Jews with other See also:calendar names after the Babylonian See also:exile. Tradition ascribes the See also:death of See also:Aaron to the first See also:day of Ab. On the ninth is kept the Fast of Ab, or the See also:Black Fast, to bewail the destruction of the first See also:temple by See also:Nebuchadrezzar (586 B.C.) and of the second by See also:Titus (A.D. 70). Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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