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ARCHIAS, AULUS LICINJUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 367 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ARCHIAS, AULUS LICINJUS , See also:Greek poet, was See also:born at See also:Antioch in See also:Syria 120 B.C. In 102, his reputation having been already established, especially as an See also:improvisatore, he came to See also:Rome, where he was well received amongst the highest and most influential families. His See also:chief See also:patron was See also:Lucullus, whose See also:gentile name he assumed. In 93 he visited See also:Sicily with his patron, on which occasion he received the citizenship of Heracleia, one of the federate towns, and indirectly, by the provisions of the lex Plautia Papiria, that of Rome. In 61 he was accused by a certain Gratius of having assumed the citizenship illegally; and See also:Cicero successfully defended him in his speech See also:Pro Archia. This speech, which furnishes nearly all the See also:information concerning Archias, states that he had celebrated the deeds of See also:Marius and Lucullus in the Cimbrian and Mithradatic See also:wars, and that he was engaged upon a poem of which the events of Cicero's consulship formed the subject. The Greek See also:Anthology contains See also:thirty-five epigrams under the name of Archias, but it is doubtful how many of these (if any) are the See also:work of the poet of Antioch. Cicero, Pro Archia; T. See also:Reinach, De Archia Poeta (1890). • ARCHIDAMUS, the name of five See also:kings of See also:Sparta, of the Eurypontid See also:house. 1. The son and successor of Anaxidamus.

His reign, which began soon after the See also:

close of the second Messenian See also:War, is said to have been quiet and uneventful (See also:Pausanias iii. 7. 6). 2. The son of Zeuxidamus, reigned 476–427 B.C. (but see See also:LEOTYCHIDES). He succeeded his grandfather Leotychides upon the banishment of the latter, his See also:father having already died. His coolness and presence of mind are said to have saved the Spartan See also:state from destruction on the occasion of the See also:great' See also:earthquake of 464 (Diodorus xi. 63; See also:Plutarch, See also:Cimon, 16), but this See also:story must be regarded as at least doubtful. He was a friend of See also:Pericles and a See also:man of prudence and moderation. During the negotiations which preceded the Peloponnesian War he did his best to prevent, or at least to postpone, the inevitable struggle, but was overruled by the war party. He invaded See also:Attica at the See also:head of the Peloponnesian forces in the summers of 431, 430 and 428, and in 429 conducted operations against See also:Plataea.

He died probably in 427, certainly before the summer of 426, when we find his son See also:

Agis on the See also:throne. See also:Herod. vi. 71; Thuc. i. 79-iii. 1; Plut. Pericles, 29. 33; Diodorus Xi. 48-xii. 52. 3. The son and successor of Agesilaus II., reigned 360-338 B.C. During his father's later years he proved himself a brave and capable officer.

In 371 he led the See also:

relief force which was sent to aid the survivors of the See also:battle of See also:Leuctra. Four years later he captured Caryae, ravaged the territory of the Parrhasii and defeated the Arcadians, Argives and Messenians in the " tearless battle," so called because the victory did not cost the Spartans a single See also:life. In 364, however, he sustained a severe See also:reverse in attempting to relieve a besieged Spartan See also:garrison at Cromnus in See also:south-western See also:Arcadia. He showed great heroism in the See also:defence of Sparta against See also:Epaminondas immediately before the battle of See also:Mantineia (362). He supported the Phocians during the Sacred War (355–346), moved, no doubt, largely by the hatred of See also:Thebes which he had inherited from his father: he also led the Spartan forces in the conflicts with the Thebans and their See also:allies which arose out of the Spartan See also:attempt to break up the See also:city of See also:Megalopolis. Finally he was sent with a See also:mercenary See also:army to See also:Italy to protect the Tarentines against the attacks of Lucanians or Messapians: he See also:fell together with the greater See also:part of his force at Mandonion 1 on the same See also:day as that on which the battle of Chaeronea was fought. See also:lien. See also:Hell. v. 4, vi. 4, vii. 1. 4, 5; Plut.

Agis, 3, See also:

Camillus, 19; Agesilaus. 25, 33, 34, 40; Pausanias iii. 10, vi. 4; Diodorus xv. 54, 72, xvi. 24, 39, 59, 62, 88. 4. The son of Eudamidas I., See also:grandson of Archidamus III. The See also:dates of his See also:accession and See also:death are unknown. In 294 B.C. he was defeated at Mantineia by See also:Demetrius Poliorcetes, who invaded See also:Laconia, gained a second victory close to Sparta, and was on the point of taking the city itself when he was called So Plut. Agis, 3 (all See also:MSS.). Following Cellarius, some authorities read See also:Manduria or Mandyrium.away by the See also:news of the successes of See also:Lysimachus and See also:Ptolemy in See also:Asia See also:Minor and See also:Cyprus.

Plut. Agis, 3, Demetrius, 35; Pausanias, i. 13. 6, vii. 8. 5; Niese, Gesch. der griech. u. makedon. Staaten, i. 363. 5. The son of Eudamidas II., grandson of Archidamus IV., See also:

brother of Agis IV. On his brother's See also:murder he fled to See also:Messenia (241 B.c.). In 227 he was recalled by Cleomenes III., who was then reigning without a colleague, but shortly after his return he was assassinated.

See also:

Polybius accuses Cleomenes of the murder, but Plutarch is probably right in saying that it was the work of those who had caused the death of Agis, and feared his brother's vengeance. Plutarch, Cleomenes, i. 5 ; Polybius v. 37, viii. I ; Niese, op. cit. ii. 304, 311. (M. N.

End of Article: ARCHIAS, AULUS LICINJUS

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