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ATLANTIS, ATALANTIS, or ATLANTICA

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 858 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ATLANTIS, ATALANTIS, or ATLANTICA , a legendary See also:island in the See also:Atlantic Ocean, first mentioned by See also:Plato in the See also:Timaeus. Plato describes how certain See also:Egyptian priests, in a conversation *ith See also:Solon, represented the island as a See also:country larger than See also:Asia See also:Minor and See also:Libya See also:united, and situated just beyond the Pillars of See also:Hercules (Straits of See also:Gibraltar). Beyond it See also:lay an See also:archipelago of lesser islands. According to the priests, Atlantis had been a powerful See also:kingdom nine thousand years before the See also:birth of Solon, and its armies had overrun the lands which 8.58 bordered the Mediterranean. See also:Athens alone had withstood them with success. Finally the See also:sea had overwhelmed Atlantis, and had thenceforward become unnavigable owing to the shoals which marked the spot. In the See also:Critias Plato adds a See also:history of the ideal See also:commonwealth of Atlantis. It is impossible to decide how far this See also:legend is due to Plato's invention, and how far it is based on facts of which no See also:record remains. See also:Medieval writers, for whom the See also:tale was preserved by the Arabian geographers, believed it true, and were fortified in their belief by numerous traditions of islands in the western sea, which offered various points of resemblance to Atlantis. Such in particular were the See also:Greek Isles of the Blest, or Fortunate Islands, the Welsh See also:Avalon, the Portuguese See also:Antilia or Isle of Seven Cities, and St See also:Brendan's island, the subject of many sagas in many See also:languages. These, which are described in See also:separate articles, helped to maintain the tradition of an earthly See also:paradise which had become associated with the myth of Atlantis; and all except Avalon were marked in maps of the 14th and 15th centuries, and formed the See also:object of voyages of See also:discovery, in one See also:case (St Brendan's island) until the 18th See also:century. In See also:early legends, of whatever See also:nationality, they are almost invariably described in terms which closely resemble See also:Homer's See also:account of the island of the Phaeacians (Od. viii.)—a fact which may be an indication of their See also:common origin in some folk-tale current among several races.

Somewhat similar legends are those of the island of See also:

Brazil (q.v.), of See also:Lyonnesse (q.v.), the sunken See also:land off the Cornish See also:coast, of the lost See also:Breton See also:city of Is, and of Mayda or Asmaide—the See also:French Isle Verte and Portuguese Ilha Verde or " See also:Green Island "—which appears in many folk-tales from Gibraltar to the See also:Hebrides, and until 1853 was marked on See also:English charts as a See also:rock in 440 48' N. and 26° 1o' W. After the See also:Renaissance, with its renewal of See also:interest in Platonic studies, numerous attempts were made to rationalize the myth of Atlantis. The island was variously identified with See also:America, Scandinavia, the Canaries and even See also:Palestine; ethnologists saw in its inhabitants the ancestors of the Guanchos, the See also:Basques or the See also:ancient Italians; and even in the 17th and 18th centuries the credibility of the whole legend was seriously debated, and sometimes admitted, even by See also:Montaigne, See also:Buffon and See also:Voltaire. For the theory that Atlantis is to be identified with See also:Crete in the Minoan See also:period, see " The Lost See also:Continent " in The Times (See also:London) for the 19th of See also:February 1909. See also " Dissertation sur l'Atlantide " in T. H. See also:Martin's Etudes sur le Timee (1841).

End of Article: ATLANTIS, ATALANTIS, or ATLANTICA

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