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AUTOCRACY (Gr. abroepareca, absolute ...

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 45 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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AUTOCRACY (Gr. abroepareca, See also:absolute See also:power) , a See also:term applied to that See also:form of See also:government which is absolute or irresponsible, and vested in one single See also:person. It is a type of government usually found amongst eastern peoples; amongst more civilized nations the only example is that of See also:Russia, where the See also:sovereign assumes as a See also:title " the autocrat of all the Russias." AUTO-DA-F$, more correctly AUTO-DE-FE (See also:act of faith), the name of the ceremony during the course of which the sentences of the See also:Spanish See also:inquisition were read and executed. The autoda-fe was almost identical with the set-ma generalis of the See also:medieval inquisition. It never took See also:place on a feast See also:day of the See also:church, but on some famous anniversary: the See also:accession of a Spanish monarch, his See also:marriage, the See also:birth of an See also:infant, &c. It was public: the See also:king, the royal See also:family, the See also:grand See also:councils of the See also:kingdom, the See also:court and the See also:people being See also:present. The ceremony comprised a procession in which the members of the See also:Holy See also:Office, with its familiars and agents, the condemned persons and the penitents took See also:part; a See also:solemn See also:mass; an See also:oath of obedience to the inquisition, taken by the king and all the See also:lay functionaries; a See also:sermon by the Grand Inquisitor; and the See also:reading of the sentences, either of condemnation or acquittal, delivered by the Holy Office. The handing over of impenitent persons, and those who had relapsed, to the See also:secular power, and their See also:punishment, did not usually take place on the occasion of an auto-da-fe, properly so called. Sometimes those who were condemned to the flames were burned on the See also:night following the ceremony. The first See also:great .auto-da-fes were celebrated when See also:Thomas de See also:Torquemada was at the See also:head of the Spanish inquisition (See also:Seville 1482, See also:Toledo 140, &c.). The last, subsequent to the See also:time of See also:Charles III., we held in See also:secret; moreover, they dealt with only a very small number of sentences, of which hardly any were See also:capital. The isolated cases of the torturing of a revolutionary See also:priest in See also:Mexico in 1816, and of a relapsed See also:Jew and of a Quaker in See also:Spain during 1826, cannot really be considered as auto-da-fes. (P.

End of Article: AUTOCRACY (Gr. abroepareca, absolute power)

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