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BAHRAIN (Varahrdn, in Gr. Ovapapavrls...

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 211 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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BAHRAIN (Varahrdn, in Gr. Ovapapavrls or Ofipapavns, the younger form of the old Verethragna, the name of a Persian god, "the killer of the dragon Verethra")

BAHRAIN (Varahrdn, in Gr. Ovapapavrls or Ofipapavns, the younger See also:
FORM (Lat. forma)
form of the old Verethragna, the name of a See also:
PERSIAN
PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH
Persian See also:
GOD
god, "the killer of the See also:
DRAGON (Fr. dragon, through Lat. draco, from the Greek; connected with SEpeoµay " see," and interpreted as " sharp-sighted "; O.H. Ger. tracho, dracho, M.H.G. trache, Mod. Ger. Drachen; A.S. draca, hence the equivalent English form " drake," " fire-drake,
dragon Verethra") , the name of five Sashanid See also:

KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings. I. BAHRAM I. (A.D. 274-277). From a See also:

PAHLAVI, or PEHLEVI

Pahlavi inscription welearn that he was the son (not, as the See also:

Greek authors and See also:

TABARI [Abu Ja'far Mahommed ibn Jarir ut-Tabari] (838-923)

Tabari say, the See also:

GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson) of See also:

SHAPUR (Pahlavi, Shahpuhre, " son of the king "; Greek Sapores, commonly Sapor)

Shapur I., and succeeded his See also:

BROTHER

brother See also:

HORMIZD, or HORMIZDAS

Hormizd (Ormizdas) I., who had only reigned a See also:

YEAR

year. Bahram I. is the See also:

king who, by the instigation of the magians, put to a cruel See also:

DEATH

death the See also:

PROPHET (Irpo4i ri7s)

prophet Mani, the founder of See also:

MANICHAEISM

Manichaeism. Nothing else is known of his reign. 2. BAHRAM II. (277-294), son of Bahram I.

During his reign the See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

Carus attacked the Persians and conquered See also:

CTESIPHON

Ctesiphon (283), but died by the See also:

PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague. Of Bahram II.'s reign some theological See also:

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions exist (F. Stolze and J. C. Andreas, See also:

PERSEPOLIS

Persepolis (See also:

Berlin, 1882), and E. W. See also:

West, "Pahlavi Literature" in Grundriss d. iranischen Philologie, ii. pp. 75-129). 3. BAHRAM III., son of Bahram II., under whose See also:

RULE

rule he had been governing Sejistan (therefore called Saganshah, See also:

AGATHIAS (c. A.D. 536—582)

Agathias iv. 24, Tabari). He reigned only four months (in 294), and was succeeded by the pretender Narseh.

4. BAHRAM IV. (389-399), son and successor of Shapur III., under whom he had been See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Kirman; therefore he was called Kirmanshah (Agathias iv. 26; Tabari). Under him or his predecessor See also:

ARMENIA (old Persian Armina, Armenian Hayasdan, or Hayq)

Armenia was divided between the See also:

ROMAN

Roman and the Persian See also:

EMPIRE

empire. Bahram IV. was killed by some malcontents. 5. BAHRAM V. (420-439), son of See also:

YAZDEGERD (" made by God," Izdegerdes)

Yazdegerd I., after whose sudden death (or assassination) he gained the See also:

CROWN

crown against the opposition of the grandees by the help of al-Mondhir, the Arabic dynast of See also:

HIRA

Hira. He promised to rule otherwise than his See also:

FATHER

father, who had been very energetic and at the same See also:

time tolerant in See also:

religion. So Bahrain V. began a systematic persecution of the Christians, which led to a See also:

war with the Roman empire. But he had little success, and soon concluded a treaty by which both empires promised See also:

TOLERATION (from Lat. tolerare, to endure)

toleration to the worshippers of the two See also:

RIVAL

rival religions, See also:

CHRISTIANITY

Christianity and Zoroastrianism.

Bahram de-posed the See also:

VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault, &c,)

vassal king of the Persian See also:

PART

part of Armenia and made it a See also:

province. He is a See also:

GREAT

great favourite in Persian tradition, which relates many stories of his valour and beauty, of his victories over the See also:

Romans, See also:

TURKS

Turks, See also:

INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians and Negroes, and of his ad-ventures in See also:

HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting and in love; he is called Bahram Gor, " the See also:

WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

ass," on See also:

account of his strength and courage. In reality he seems to have been rather a weak monarch, after the See also:

heart of the grandees and the priests. He is said to have built many great See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire-temples, with large gardens and villages (Tabari). (En.

End of Article: BAHRAIN (Varahrdn, in Gr. Ovapapavrls or Ofipapavns, the younger form of the old Verethragna, the name of a Persian god, "the killer of the dragon Verethra")

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