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CLERUCHY (Gr. KAripovXia, from KX'gpo...

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 500 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CLERUCHY (Gr. KAripovXia, from KX'gpos, a See also:lot, e'xav, to have) , in See also:ancient See also:Greek See also:history a See also:kind of See also:colony composed of Athenian' citizens planted, practically as a See also:garrison, in a conquered See also:country. Strictly, the settlers (cleruchs) were not colonists, inasmuch as they retained their status as citizens of See also:Athens (e.g. 6 b os 6 Ev `H0aurrig), and their allotments were politically See also:part of See also:Attic See also:soil. These settlements were of three kinds: (1) where the earlier inhabitants were extirpated or expatriated, and the settlers occupied the whole territory; (2) where the settlers occupied allotments in the midst of a conquered See also:people; and (3) where the inhabitants gave up portions of See also:land to settlers in return for certain pecuniary concessions. The See also:primary See also:object (cf. the 4000 cleruchs settled in 506 B.C. upon the lands of the conquered oligarchs of See also:Euboea, known as the Hippobotae) was unquestionably military, and in the later days of the Delian ' It seems (See also:Strabo, p. 635) that similar colonies were sent out by the Milesians, e.g. to Leros. See also:League the See also:system was the simplest precaution against disaffection on the part of the See also:allies, the strength of whose resentment may be gathered from an inscription (See also:Hicks and See also:Hill, sor [81]), which, in setting forth the .terms of the second Delian Confederacy, expressly forbids the holding of land by Athenians in allied territory. A secondary object of the cleruchies was social or agrarian, to provide a source of livelihood to the poorer Athenians. See also:Plutarch (See also:Pericles, 11) suggests that Pericles by this means rid the See also:city of the idle and mischievous loafers; but it would appear that the cleruchs were selected by lot, and in any See also:case a See also:wise policy would not deliberately entrust important military duties to recognized wastreis. When we remember that in 50 years of the 5th See also:century some ro,000 cleruchs went out, it is clear that the drain on the See also:citizen See also:population was considerable. It is impossible to decide precisely how far the See also:state retained See also:control over the .cleruchs.

Certainly they were liable to military service and presumably to that See also:

taxation which See also:fell upon Athenians at See also:home. That they were not liable for the See also:tribute which members of the Delian League paid is clear from the fact that the assessments of places where cleruchs were settled immediately went down considerably (cf. the Periclean cleruchies, 450–445); indeed, this follows from their status as Athenian citizens, which is emphasized by the fact that they retained their membership of deme and tribe. In See also:internal See also:government the cleruchs adopted the See also:Boule and See also:Assembly system of Athens itself; so we read of Polemarchs, Archons Eponymi, See also:Agoranomi, Strategi, in various places. With a measure of See also:local self-government there was also combined a certain central authority (e.g. in the See also:matter of See also:jurisdiction, some case being tried by the Nautodicae at Athens); in fact we may assume that the more important cases, particularly those between a cleruch and a citizen at home, were tried before the Athenian dicasts. In a few cases, the cleruchs, e.g. in the case of See also:Lesbos (427), were apparently allowed to remain in Athens receiving See also:rent for their allotments from the See also:original Lesbian owners (Thuc. iii. ,,co); 5but this represents the perversion of the original See also:idea of the cleruchy to a system of See also:reward and See also:punishment. See G. See also:Gilbert, Constitutional Antiquities of Athens and See also:Sparta (Eng. trans., See also:London, 1895), but See also:note that Brea, wrongly quoted as an example, is not a cleruchy but a colony (Hicks and Hill, 41 [29]) ; A. H. J. Greenidge, Handbook of Greek Constitutional Antiquities (London, 1896) ; for the Periclean cleruchs see PERICLES; DELIAN LEAGUE.

End of Article: CLERUCHY (Gr. KAripovXia, from KX'gpos, a lot, e'xav, to have)

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