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DEBRECZEN

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 905 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DEBRECZEN , a See also:

town of See also:Hungary, See also:capital of the See also:county of Hajdu, 138 m. E. of See also:Budapest by See also:rail. Pop. (1900) 72,351. It is the See also:principal See also:Protestant centre in Hungary, and bears the name of " Calvinistic See also:Rome." Debreczen is one of the largest towns of Hungary, and is situated in the midst of a sandy but fertile See also:plain. It consists of the inner old town, snd several suburbs, which stretch out irregularly into the -plain. The walls of the old town have given See also:place to a broad See also:boulevard and several open See also:commons, beautifully laid out. The most prominent of its public buildings is the principal Protestant See also:church, built at the beginning of the ,9th See also:century, which ranks as the largest in the See also:country, but has no See also:great architectural pretensions. In its immediate neighbourhood is the Protestant Collegium, for See also:theology and See also:law, which is one of the most frequented institutions of its See also:kind in Hungary, being attended by over two thousand students. This See also:college was founded in 1531, and possesses a See also:rich library and other scientific collections. The town See also:hall, the Franciscan church, the Piarist monastery and college, and the See also:theatre are also worthy of mention. Amongst its educational establishments it includes an agricultural See also:academy.

The See also:

industries of the town are various, but none is of importance enough to give it the See also:character of a manufacturing centre. Its See also:tobacco-pipes, sausages and See also:soap are widely known. It carries on an active See also:trade in See also:cattle, horses, See also:corn and See also:honey, while four ,well-attended fairs are held annually. The See also:municipality of Debreczen owns between three See also:hundred and four hundred square See also:miles of the adjoining country, which possesses all the characteristics of the Hungarian puszta, and on which roam large herds of cattle. The town is of considerable antiquity, but owes its development to the refugees who flocked from the villages plunderedby the See also:Turks in the 15th century. In 1552 it adopted the Protestant faith, and it had to suffer in consequence, especially when it was captured in 1686 by the imperial forces. In 1693 it was made a royal See also:free See also:city. In 1848-1849 it formed a See also:refuge for the See also:national See also:government and legislature when Budapest See also:fell into the hands of the Austrians; and it was in the great Calvinist church that, on See also:Kossuth's See also:motion (See also:April 14th, 1849) the See also:resolution was passed declaring the See also:house of See also:Habsburg to have forfeited the See also:crown of St See also:Stephen. On the 3rd of See also:July the town was captured by the Russians.

End of Article: DEBRECZEN

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