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See also:DESMARETS, See also:NICOLAS, SIEUR DE MAILLEBOIS (1648-1721) , See also:French statesman, was See also:born in See also:Paris on the loth of See also:September 1648. His See also:mother was the See also:sister of J. B. See also:Colbert, who took him into his offices as a clerk. He became counsellor to the See also:parlement in 1672, See also:master of See also:requests in 1674 and See also:intendant of finances in 1678, In these last functions he had to treat with the financiers for the coinage of new See also:silver pieces of four sous. After Colbert's See also:death he was involved in the legal proceedings taken against those financiers who had manufactured coins of See also:bad alloy. The See also:prosecution, conducted by the members of the See also:family of Le Tellier, rivals of the Colberts, presented no See also:- PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)
proof against Desmarets. Nevertheless he was stripped of his offices and exiled to his e?tates by the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, on the 23rd of See also:December 1683. In See also:March 1686 he was authorized to return to Paris, and again entered into relations with the controllers-See also:general of See also:finance, to whom he furnished for more than ten years remarkable See also:memoirs on the economic situation in See also:France. As See also:early as 1687 he showed the See also:necessity for See also:radical reforms in the See also:system of See also:taxation, insisting on the ruin of the See also:people and the excessive expenses of the king. By these memoirs he established his claim to a See also:place among the See also:great economists of the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, See also:Vauban, See also:Boisguilbert and the See also:comte de See also:Boulainvilliers. When in September 1699 Chamillart was named controller-general of finances, he took Desmarets for counsellor; and when he created the two offices of See also:directors of finances, he gave one to Desmarets (See also:October 22, 1703). Henceforth Desmarets was veritable See also:minister of finance. See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. had See also:long conversations with him. Madame de See also:Maintenon protected him. The economists Vauban and Boisguilbert ex-changed long conversations with him. When Chamillart found his See also:double functions too heavy, and retaining the See also:ministry of See also:war resigned that of finance in 1708, Desmarets succeeded him. The situation was exceedingly See also:grave. The See also:ordinary revenues of the See also:year 1708 amounted to 81,977,007 livres, of which 57,833,233 livres had already been spent by anticipation, and the expenses to meet were 200,251,447 livres. In 1709 a See also:famine reduced still more the returns from taxes. Yet Desmarets's reputation renewed the See also:credit of the See also:state, and financiers consented to advance See also:money they had refused to the king. The emission of See also:paper money, and a reform in the collection of taxes, enabled him to See also:tide over the years 1709 and 1710. Then Desmarets decided upon an " extreme and violent remedy," to use his own expression,—an income tax. His " tenth " was based on Vauban's See also:plan; but the privileged classes managed to avoid it, and it proved no better than other expedients. Nevertheless Louis XIV. managed to meet the most urgent expenses, and the deficit of 1715, about 350,000,000 livres, was much less than it would have been had it not been for Desmarets's reforms. The See also:honourable See also:peace which Louis was enabled to conclude at See also:Utrecht with his enemies was certainly due to the resources which Desmarets procured for him.
After the death of Louis XIV. Desmarets was dismissed by the See also:regent along with all the other ministers. He withdrew to
II
his estates. To justify his ministry he addressed. to the regent a Compte rendu, which showed clearly the difficulties he had to meet. His enemies even, like See also:Saint See also:Simon, had to recognize his honesty and his See also:- TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental
talent. He was certainly, after Colbert, the greatest finance minister of Louis XIV.
See Forbonnais, Recherches et considerations sur See also:les finances de la France (2 vols., See also:Basel, 1758); See also:Montyon, Particularites et observations sur les ministres See also:des finances de la France (Paris, 1812); De Boislisle, Correspondance des controleurs-generaux des finances (3 vols., Paris, 1873-1897) ; and the same author's " Desmarets et I'affaire des pieces de quatre sols " in the appendix to the seventh See also:volume of his edition of the Memoires de Saint-Simon. (E.
End of Article: DESMARETS, NICOLAS, SIEUR DE MAILLEBOIS (1648-1721)
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