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See also:DOBEREINER, JOHANN WOLFGANG (178o--1849) , See also:German chemist, was See also:born near See also:Hof in See also:Bavaria on the 15th of See also:December 1780. After studying See also:pharmacy at Munchberg, he started a chemical manufactory in 1803, and in 1810 was appointed See also:professor of See also:chemistry, pharmacy and technology at See also:Jena, where he died on the 24th of See also:March 1849. The Royal Society's See also:Catalogue enumerates 171 papers by him on various chemical topics, but his name is best known for his experiments on See also:platinum in a See also:minute See also:state of See also:division and on the oxidation products of See also:alcohol. In 1822 he showed that when a See also:mass of platinum See also:black, supplied with alcohol by a See also:wick is enclosed in a See also:jar to which the See also:air has limited See also:access, acetic See also:acid and See also:water are produced; this experiment formed the basis of the Schtitzenbach See also:Quick See also:Vinegar See also:Process. A See also:year later he noticed that spongy platinum in presence of See also:oxygen canbring about the ignition of See also:hydrogen, and utilized this fact to construct his " hydrogen See also:lamp," the prototype of numerous devices for the self-ignition of See also:coal-See also:gas burners. He studied the formation of aldehyde from
alcohol by various methods, also obtaining its crystalline See also:compound with See also:ammonia, and he was the discoverer of furfurol. An See also:early observation of the See also:diffusion of gases was recorded by him in '823 when he noticed the See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape of hydrogen from a cracked jar, attributing it to the capillary See also:action of fissures. His See also:works included See also:treatises on pneumatic chemistry (1821-1825) and the chemistry of See also:fermentation (1822).
A See also:correspondence which he carried on with See also:Goethe and See also:Charles See also:August, See also:grand-See also:duke of See also:Saxe-See also:Weimar, was collected and published at Weimar by Schade in 1856.
End of Article: DOBEREINER, JOHANN WOLFGANG (178o--1849)
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