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Originally appearing in Volume V14, Page 885 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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ISRAELI, ISAAC BEN SOLOMON (9th—loth centuries)

ISRAELI, See also:
ISAAC (Hebrew for " he laughs," on explanatory references to the name, see ABRAHAM)
ISAAC See also:
BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)
BEN See also:
SOLOMON, ODES OF
SOLOMON, PSALMS OF
SOLOMON (9th—loth centuries) , Jewish physician and philosopher. A contemporary of See also:

SEADIAH (or SAADIA; in Arabic Said) BEN JOSEPH (892-942)

Seadiah (q.v.), he was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born and passed his See also:

LIFE

life in See also:

North See also:

Africa. He died c. 950. At See also:

KAIRAWAN (KEROUAN)

Kairawan, Israeli was See also:

court physician; he wrote several medical See also:

WORKS

works in Arabic, and these were afterwards translated into Latin. Similarly his philosophical writings were translated, but his See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief renown was in the circle of Moslem authors. ISRA'ILS, JOSEF (1824— ), Dutch painter, was born at See also:

GRONINGEN

Groningen, of See also:

HEBREW

Hebrew parents, on the 27th of See also:

JANUARY

January 1824. His See also:

FATHER

father intended him to be a See also:

man of business, and it was only after a determined struggle that he was allowed to enter on an See also:

ARTISTIC

artistic career. However, the attempts he made under the guidance of two second-See also:

RATE

rate painters in his native See also:

TOWN

town—See also:

BUYS

Buys and See also:

van Wicheren—while still working under his father as a stock-See also:

BROKER (according to the New English Dictionary, from Lat. brocca, spit, spike, broccare, to broach "—another Eng. form of the same word; hence O. Fr. vendre d broche, to retail, e.g. wine, from the tap, and thus the general sense of dealing; see also for

broker's clerk, led to his being sent to See also:

Amsterdam, where he became a See also:

PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil of See also:

Jan Kruseman and attended the See also:

DRAWING

drawing class at the See also:

academy. He then spent two years in See also:

Paris, working in Picot's studio, and returned to Amsterdam. There he remained till 1870, when he moved to The See also:

HAGUE, THE (in Dutch, 's Gravenhage, or, abbreviated, den Haag; in Fr. La Haye; and in Late Lat. Haga Comitis)

Hague for See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good. Israels is justly regarded as one of the greatest of Dutch painters.

He has often been compared to J. F. See also:

Millet. As artists, even more than as painters in the strict sense of the word, they both, in fact, saw in the life of the poor and humble a See also:

MOTIVE (from Lat. movere, to move)

motive for expressing with See also:

PECULIAR

peculiar intensity their wide human sympathy; but Millet was the poet of placid rural life, while in almost all Israels' pictures we find some piercing See also:

note of woe. Duranty said of them that " they were painted with gloom and suffering." He began with See also:

HISTORICAL

historical and dramatic subjects in the romantic See also:

style of the See also:

day. By See also:

CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

chance, after an illness, he went to recruit his strength at the fishing-town of Zandvoort near See also:

HAARLEM

Haarlem, and there he was struck by the daily tragedy of life. Thenceforth he was possessed by a new vein of artistic expression, sincerely realistic, full of emotion and pity. Among his more important subsequent works are " The Zandvoort Fisherman " (in the Amsterdam See also:

GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery), " The Silent See also:

House " (which gained a See also:

gold See also:

MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal at the See also:

BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels See also:

SALON

Salon, 1858) and " See also:

VILLAGE

Village Poor " (a See also:

PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize at See also:

Manchester). In 1862 he achieved See also:

GREAT

great success in See also:

LONDON

London with his " Shipwrecked," See also:

PURCHASED

purchased by Mr See also:

Young, and " The See also:

CRADLE (of uncertain etymology, possibly connected with " crate " and " creel," i.e. basket; the derivation from a Celtic word, with a sense of rocking, is scouted by the New English Dictionary)

Cradle," two pictures of which the See also:

ATHENAEUM

Athenaeum spoke as " the most touching pictures of the See also:

EXHIBITION

exhibition." We may also mention among his maturer works " The Widower " (in the Mesdag collection), When we grow Old " and " Alone in the See also:

WORLD

World " (Amsterdam gallery), " An Interior " (See also:

DORDRECHT (abbreviated Dordt, or Dort)

Dordrecht gallery), " A Frugal See also:

MEAL

Meal " (See also:

GLASGOW

Glasgow museum), " Toilers of the See also:

Sea," "A Speechless See also:

DIALOGUE

Dialogue," " Between the See also:

FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

Fields and the Seashore," " The Bric-a-brac Seller " (which gained medals of See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour at the great Paris Exhibition of 1900). " pavid Singing before See also:

SAUL (Heb. shd'ul, " asked ")

Saul," one of his latest works, seems to hint at a return on the See also:

PART

part of the See also:

VENERABLE (Lat. venerabilis, worthy of reverence, venerari, to reverence, to worship, allied to Venus, love; the Indo-Germ. root is wen-, to desire, whence Eng. " win, properly to struggle for, hence to gain)

venerable artist to the Rembrandtesque note of his youth. As a See also:

WATER

water-See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour painter and etcher he produced a vast number of works, which, like his oil paintings, are full of deep feeling. They are generally treated in broad masses of See also:

LIGHT

light and shade, which give prominence to the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal subject without any neglect of detail.

See Jan Veth, Mannen of Beteckenis: Jozef Israels; Chesneau, Peintres frangais et strangers; Ph. Zilcken, Peintres hollandais modernes (1893); See also:

Dumas, Illustrated See also:

BIOGRAPHIES

Biographies of See also:

MODERN

Modern Artists (1882—1884) ; J. de Meester, in Max Rooses' Dutch Painters of the Nineteenth See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

Century (1898); Jozef Israels, See also:

Spain: the See also:

Story of a See also:

JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

Journey (1900).

End of Article: ISRAELI, ISAAC BEN SOLOMON (9th—loth centuries)

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