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JINGO

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 417 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JINGO , a legendary empress of See also:

Japan, wife of Chuai, the 14th See also:mikado (191–200). On her See also:husband's See also:death she assumed the See also:government, and fitted out an See also:army for the invasion of See also:Korea (see JAPAN, § 9). She returned to Japan completely victorious after three years' See also:absence. Subsequently her son Ojen Tenno, afterwards 15th mikado, was See also:born, and later was canonized as Hachiman, See also:god of See also:war. The empress Jingo ruled over Japan till 270. She is still worshipped. As regards the See also:English See also:oath, usually " By Jingo," or " By the living Jingo," the derivation is doubtful. The See also:identification with the name of Gingulph or Gengulphus, a Burgundian See also:saint who was martyred on the 11th of May 76o, was a joke on the See also:part of R. H. See also:Barham, author of the Ingoldsby Legends. Some explain the word as a corruption of Jainko, the Basque name for God. It has also been derived from the See also:Persian jang (war), St Jingo being the See also:equivalent of the Latin god of war, See also:Mars; and is even explained as a corruption of " Jesus, Son of God," Je-n-go.

In support of the Basque derivation it is alleged that the oath was first See also:

common in See also:Wales, to aid in the See also:conquest of which See also:Edward I. imported a number of Basque mercenaries. The phrase does not, however, appear in literature before the 17th See also:century, first as conjurer's See also:jargon. Motteux, in his " See also:Rabelais," is the first to use " by jingo," translating See also:par dieu. The See also:political use of the word as indicating an aggressive patriotism (Jingoes and Jingoism) originated in 1877 during the See also:weeks of See also:national excitement preluding the despatch of the See also:British Mediterranean See also:squadron to See also:Gallipoli, thus frustrating See also:Russian designs on See also:Constantinople. While the public were on the tiptoe of expectation as to what policy the government would pursue, a bellicose See also:music-See also:hall See also:song with the refrain " We See also:don't want to fight, but by Jingo if we do," &c., was produced in See also:London by a See also:singer known as " the See also:great MacDermott," and instantly became very popular. Thus the war-party came to be called Jingoes, and Jingoism has ever since been the See also:term applied to those who See also:advocate a national policy of arrogance and pugnacity. For a discussion of the See also:etymology of Jingo see Notes and Queries, (See also:August 25, 1894), 8th See also:series, p. 149.

End of Article: JINGO

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