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lower reaches of the Kunar are wide and comparatively shallow, the river meandering in a multitude of channels through a broad and fairly open valley, well cultivated and fertile, with large flourishing villages and a mixed See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of See also:

MOHMAND

Mohmand and other tribes of Afghan origin. Here the hills to the eastward are comparatively See also:

low, though they shut in the valley closely. Beyond them are the See also:

BAJOUR, or BAJAUR

Bajour uplands. To the west are the great mountains of See also:

KAFIRISTAN

Kafiristan, called Kashmund, See also:

SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

snow-capped, and See also:

RUNNING

running to 14,000 ft. of See also:

ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude. Amongst them are many See also:

WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild but beautiful valleys occupied by Kafirs, who are rapidly submitting to Afghan See also:

RULE

rule. From 20 to 30 See also:

MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles up the river on its See also:

LEFT

left See also:

BANK

bank, under the Bajour hills, are thick clusters of villages, amongst which are the See also:

ancient towns of Kunar and Pashat. The See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief tributary from the Kafiristan hills is the Pechdara, which joins the river See also:

close to Chagan Sarai. It is a See also:

FINE

fine, broad, See also:

swift-flowing stream, with an excellent See also:

BRIDGE

bridge over it (See also:

PART

part of Abdur Rahman's military road developments), and has been largely utilized for See also:

IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation. The Pechdara finds its See also:

SOURCES

sources in the Kafir hills, amongst forests of See also:

PINE (Lat. Pinus, Gr. srlrur)

pine and deodar and thick tangles of wild See also:

VINE

vine and See also:

IVY (A.S. ifig, Ger. Epheu, perhaps connected with apium, anent)

ivy, wild See also:

FIGS

figs, pomegranates, See also:

OLIVES, MOUNT OF, or MOUNT OLIVET ("Opus 'EXc uwos or riov 'EXauav; mod. Jebel-et-Tur)

olives and oaks, and dense masses of sweet-scented shrubs. Above Chagan Sarai, as far as Arnawai, where the Afghan boundary crosses the river, and above which the valley belongs to Chit ral, the river narrows to a swift See also:

mountain stream obstructed by boulders and hedged in with steep cliffs and difficult " parris " or slopes of rocky See also:

hill-See also:

side.

Wild See also:

ALMOND (from the O. Fr. almande or alemande, late Lat. amandola, derived through a form amingdola from the Gr. l uybian, an almond; the al- for a- is probably due to a confusion with the Arabic article al, the word having first dropped the a- as in the It

almond here sheds its blossoms into the stream, and in the See also:

DAWN (the 16th-century form of the earlier " Jawing " or " dawning," from an old verb " daw," O. Eng. dagian, to become day; cf. Dutch dagen, and Ger. tagen)

dawn of summer much of the floral beauty of See also:

KASHMIR, or CASHMERE

Kashmir is to be found. At Asmar there is a slight widening of the valley, and the opportunity for a large Afghanmilitary encampment, spreading to both sides of the river and connected by a very creditable bridge built on the See also:

CANTILEVER (a word of doubtful origin, probably derived from " lever," in its ordinary meaning, and " cant," an angle or edge, or else from modern Lat. quanta libra, of what weight)

cantilever system. There are no apparent See also:

RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of See also:

BUDDHISM

Buddhism in the Kunar, such as are See also:

COMMON

common about Jalalabad or Chitral, or throughout See also:

SWAT

Swat and See also:

Dir. This is probably due to the See also:

LATE

late occupation of the valley by Kafirs, who spread eastwards into Bajour within comparatively See also:

RECENT

recent See also:

HISTORICAL

historical times, and who still adhere to their fastnesses in the Kashmund hills. The Kunar valley route to Chitral and to Kafiristan is being See also:

DEVELOPED

developed by Afghan See also:

ENGINEERING

engineering. It may possibly extend ultimately unto See also:

BADAKSHAN

Badakshan, in which See also:

case it will See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form the most See also:

DIRECT

direct connexion between the See also:

OXUS

Oxus and India, and become an important feature in the strategical See also:

GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

geography of See also:

ASIA

Asia. (T. H.

End of Article: KUNAR

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