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LAZARUS, MORITZ (1824–1903)
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See also:LAZARUS, See also:MORITZ (1824–1903) , See also:German philosopher, was See also:born on the 15th of See also:September 1824 at Filehne, See also:Posen. The son of a rabbinical See also:scholar, he was educated in See also:Hebrew literature and See also:history, and subsequently in See also:law and See also:philosophy at the university of See also:Berlin. From 186o to 1866 he was See also:professor in the university of Berne, and subsequently returned to Berlin as professor of philosophy in the kriegsakademie (1868) and later in the university of Berlin (1893). On the occasion of his seventieth birthday he was honoured with the See also:title of Geheimrath. The fundamental principle of his philosophy was that truth must be sought not in metaphysical or a priori abstractions but in psychological investigation, and further that this investigation cannot confine itself successfully to the individual consciousness, but must be devoted primarily to society as a whole. The psychologist must study mankind from the See also:historical or See also:comparative standpoint, analysing the elements which constitute the fabric of society, with its customs, its conventions and the See also:main tendencies of its See also:evolution. This Volkerpsychologie (folk-or comparative See also:psychology) is one of the See also:chief developments of the Herbartian theory of philosophy; it is a protest not only against the so-called scientific standpoint of natural philosophers, but also against the See also:individualism of the positivists. In support of his theory he founded, in See also:combination with H. See also:Steinthal, the Zeitschrift fiir Volkerpsychologie and Sprachwissenschaft (18J9). His own contributions to this periodical were numerous and important. His chief See also:work was Das Leben der Seek (Berlin, 1855–18J7; 3rd edition, 1883). Other philosophical See also:works were:—Ueber den Ursprung der Sitten (186o and 1867), Ueber See also:die Ideen in der Geschichte (1865 and 1872); Zur Lehre von den Sinnestduschungen (1867); Ideate Fragen (1875 and 1885), Erriehung and Geschichte (1881); Unser Standpunkt (1881); Ueber die Rei:e See also:des Spiels (1883). Apart from the See also:great See also:interest of his philosophical work, Lazarus was pre-eminent among the See also:Jews of the so-called Semitic domination in See also:Germany. Like See also:Heine, See also:Auerbach and Steinthal, he See also:rose See also:superior to the narrower ideals of the German Jews, and took a leading See also:place in German literature and thought. He protested against the violent See also:anti-Semitism of the See also:time, and, in spite of the moderate See also:tone of his publications, See also:drew upon himself unqualified censtue. He wrote in this connexion a number of articles collected i11 1887 under the title Treu and Frei. Reden and Vortrage fiber Juden us.l Judenthum. In 1869 and 1871 he was See also:president of the first and second Jewish Synods at See also:Leipzig and See also:Augsburg. See R. See also:Flint, The Philosophy of History in See also:Europe; M. Brasch, Gesanimelte Essays and Characterkopfe zur neuen Philos. and Literatur; E. Berliner, Lazarus and die offentliche Meinung; M. Brasch, " Der Begrunder do Volkerpsychologie," in See also:Nord et Sud (September 1894). Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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