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MANETHO (Mav40cov in an inscription o...
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See also:MANETHO (Mav40cov in an inscription of See also:Carthage; MaveBees in a See also:papyrus) , See also:Egyptian See also:priest and annalist, was a native of Sebennytus in the See also:Delta. The name which he bears has a See also:good Egyptian See also:appearance, and has been found on a contemporary papyrus probably referring to the See also:man himself. The See also:evidence of See also:Plutarch and other indications connect him with the reigns of See also:Ptolemy I. and II. His most important See also:work was an Egyptian See also:history in See also:Greek, for which he translated the native records. It is now only known by some fragments of narrative in See also:Josephus's See also:treatise Against See also:Apion, and by tables of dynasties and See also:kings with lengths of reigns, divided into three books, in the See also:works of See also:Christian chronographers. The earliest and best of the latter is See also:Julius See also:Africanus, besides whom See also:Eusebius and some falsifying apologists offer the same materials; the See also:chief See also:text is that preserved in the Chronographia of Georgius See also:Syncellus. It is difficult to See also:judge the value of the See also:original from these ex-tracts: it is clear from the different versions of the lists that they have been corrupted. Manetho's work was probably based on native lists like that of the See also:Turin Papyrus of Kings: even his See also:division into dynasties may have been derived from such. The fragments of narrative give a very confused See also:idea of Egyptian history in the See also:time of the See also:Hyksos and the XVIIIth See also:Dynasty. The royal lists, too, are crowded with errors of detail, both in the names and See also:order of the kings, and in the lengths attributed to the reigns. The brief notes attached to some of the names may be derived from Manetho's narrative, but they are chiefly references to kings mentioned by See also:Herodotus or to marvels that were supposed to have occurred: they certainly possess little See also:historical value. A puzzling annotation to the name of Bocchoris, " in whose time a See also:lamb spake 990 years," has been well explained by Krall's See also:reading of a See also:demotic See also:story written in the twenty-third See also:year of See also:Augustus. According to this a lamb prophesied that after Bocchoris's reign See also:Egypt should be in the hands of the oppressor goo years; in Africanus's See also:day it was necessary to lengthen the See also:period in order to keep up the See also:spirits of the patriots after the stated See also:term had expired. This is evidently not from the pure text of Manetho. Notwithstanding all their defects, the fragments of Manetho have provided the accepted See also:scheme of Egyptian dynastieys and have been of See also:great service to scholars ever since the first months of See also:Champollion's decipherment.
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