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MARTINET

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 800 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MARTINET , a military See also:

term (more generally used in a disparaging than in a complimentary sense) implying a strict disciplinarian or See also:drill-See also:master. The term originated in the See also:French See also:army about the See also:middle of See also:Louis XIV.'s reign, and was derived from See also:Jean Martinet (d. 1672), who as See also:lieutenant-See also:colonel of the See also:King's See also:regiment of See also:foot and inspector-See also:general of See also:infantry drilled and trained that See also:arm in the See also:model See also:regular army created by Louis and See also:Louvois between 166o and 1670. Martinet seems also to have introduced the See also:copper pontoons with.which Louis bridged the See also:Rhine in 1672. He was killed, as a marechal de See also:camp, at the See also:siege of See also:Duisburg in the same See also:year, being accidentally shot by his own See also:artillery while leading the infantry See also:assault. His See also:death, and that of the Swiss See also:captain Soury by the same See also:discharge gave rise to a bon mot, typical of the polite ingratitude of the See also:age, that Duisburg had only cost the king a See also:martin and a See also:mouse. The " martin " as a See also:matter of fact shares with See also:Vauban and other professional soldiers of Louis XIV. the See also:glory of having made the French army the first and best regular army in See also:Europe. See also:Great nobles, such as See also:Turenne, See also:Conde and See also:Luxemburg, led this army and inspired it, but their fame has obscured that of the men who made it manageable and efficient. It was about this See also:time that the soldier of See also:fortune, who joined a regiment with his own arms and equipment and had learned his See also:trade by varied experience, began to give See also:place to the soldier regularly enlisted as a recruit in permanent regiments and trained by his own See also:officers. The consequence of this was the introduction of a See also:uniform, or nearly uniform See also:system of drill and training, which in all essentials has endured to the See also:present See also:day. Thus Martinet was the forerunner of See also:Leopold of See also:Dessau and See also:Frederick See also:William, just as Jean Jacques de Fourilles, the organizer of the See also:cavalry, who was forced into an untimely See also:charge at Seneffe (1674) by a brutal taunt of Conde, and there met his death, was the forerunner of See also:Zieten and Seydlitz. These men, while differing from the creators of the Prussian army in that they contributed nothing to the See also:tactics of their arms, at least made tactics possible by the thorough drilling and organization they imparted to the formerly heterogeneous and hardly coherent elements of an army.

End of Article: MARTINET

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MARTINEAU, JAMES (1805-1900)
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MARTINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA (1706–1784)