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See also:LOUVOIS, See also:FRANCOIS See also:MICHEL LE TELLIER, See also:MARQUIS DE (1641–1691) , See also:French statesman, See also:war See also:minister of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV., was See also:born at See also:Paris on the 18th of See also:January 1641. His See also:father, Michel le Tellier (q.v.), married him to an heiress, the marquise de Courtenvaux, and instructed him in the management of See also:state business. The See also:young See also:man won the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king's confidence, and in 1666 he succeeded his father as war minister. His talents were perceived by See also:Turenne in the war of See also:Devolution (1667–68), who gave him instruction in the See also:art of providing armies. After the See also:peace of See also:Aix-la-Chapelle, Louvois devoted himself to organizing the French See also:army. The years between 1668 and 1672, says Camille Rousset, " were years of preparation, when See also:Lionne was labouring with all his might to find See also:allies, See also:Colbert to find See also:money, and Louvois soldiers for Louis." The See also:work of Louvois in these years is See also:bound up with the See also:historical development of the French army and of armies in See also:general (see ARMY). Here need only be mentioned Louvois's reorganization of the military orders of merit, his See also:foundation of the Hotel See also:des Invalides, and the almost forcible enrolment of the See also:nobility and gentry of See also:France, in which Louvois carried out See also:part of Louis's See also:measures for curbing the spirit of See also:independence by service in the army or at See also:court. The success of his measures is to be seen in the victories of the See also:great war of 1672-78. After the peace of See also:Nijmwegen Louvois was high in favour, his father had been made See also:chancellor, and the See also:influence of Colbert was waning. The ten years of peace between 1678 and 1688 were distinguished in French See also:history by the rise of Madame de See also:Maintenon, the See also:capture of See also:Strassburg and the revocation of the See also:Edict of See also:Nantes, in all of which Louvois See also:bore a prominent part. The surprise of Strassburg in 1681 in See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of peace was not only planned but executed by Louvois and Monclar. A saving clause in the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which provided for some See also:liberty of See also:conscience, if not of See also:worship, Louvois sharply annulled with the phrase " Sa majeste veut qu'on fasse sentir See also:les dernieres rigueurs a ceux qui ne voudront pas se faire de sa See also:religion." He claimed also the See also:credit of inventing the dragonnades, and mitigated the rigour of the soldiery only in so far as the See also:licence accorded was prejudicial to discipline. Discipline, indeed, and See also:complete subjection to the royal authority was the See also:political faith of Louvois. Colbert died in 1683, and had been replaced by Le Pelletier, an adherent of Louvois, in the controller-generalship of finances, and by Louvois himself in his See also:ministry for public buildings, which he took that he might be the minister able to gratify the king's two favourite pastimes, war and See also:building. Louvois was able to superintend the successes of the first years of the war of the See also:League of See also:Augsburg, but died suddenly of See also:apoplexy after leaving the king's See also:cabinet on See also:July 16, 169r. His sudden See also:death caused a suspicion of See also:poison. Louvois was one of the greatest of the rare class of great war ministers. French history can only point to See also:Carnot as his equal. Both had to organize armies out of old material on a new See also:system, both were admirable contrivers of See also:campaigns, and both devoted themselves to the material well-being of the soldiers. In private See also:life and in the means employed for gaining his ends, Louvois was unscrupulous and shameless.
The See also:principal authority for Louvois's life and times is Camille Rousset's Histoire de Louvois (Paris, 1872), a great work founded on the 90o volumes of his despatches at the See also:Depot de la Guerre. See also:Saint See also:Simon from his class prejudices is hardly to be trusted, but Madame de See also:Sevigne throws many See also:side-See also:lights on his times. Testament politique de Louvois (1695) is See also:spurious.
End of Article: LOUVOIS, FRANCOIS MICHEL LE TELLIER, MARQUIS DE (1641–1691)
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