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CARNOT, LAZARE EIPPOLYTE (18ot-1888)

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Originally appearing in Volume V05, Page 376 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CARNOT, LAZARE EIPPOLYTE (18ot-1888) , See also:French states-See also:man, the second son of L. N. M. Carnot (q.v.), was See also:born at See also:Saint-Omer on the 6th of See also:October 18oi. Hippolyte Carnot lived at first in See also:exile with his See also:father, returning to See also:France only in 1823. Unable then to enter active See also:political See also:life, he turned to literature and See also:philosophy, See also:publishing in 1828 a collection of Chants helleniques translated from the See also:German of W. See also:Muller, and in 1830 an Expose de la' See also:doctrine Saint-Sinionienne, and collaborating in the Saint-Simonian See also:journal Le Producteur. He also paid several visits to See also:England and travelled in other countries of See also:Europe. In See also:March 1839, after the See also:dissolution of the chamber by See also:Louis Philippe, he was elected See also:deputy for See also:Paris (re-elected in 1842 and in 1846), and sat in the See also:group of the See also:Radical See also:Left, being one of the leaders of the party hostile to Louis Philippe. On the 24th of See also:February 1848 he pronounced in favour of the See also:republic. Lanartine See also:chase him as See also:minister of See also:education in the provisional See also:government. Carnot set to See also:work to organize the See also:primary school systems, proposing a See also:law for obligatory and See also:free primary instruction, and another for the secondary education of girls.

But he declared himself against purely See also:

secular See also:schools, holding that " the minister and the schoolmaster are the two columns on which rests the edifice of the republic." By this attitude he alienated both- the Right and the Republicans of the Extreme Left, and wasforced to resign on the 5th of See also:July 1848. He was one of those who protested against the coup d'etat of the 2nd of See also:December 1851, but was not proscribed by Louis See also:Napoleon. He refused to sit in the See also:Corps Legislatif until 1864, in See also:order not to have to take the See also:oath` to the See also:emperor. From 1864 to 1860 he was in the republican opposition, taking a very active See also:part. He was defeated at the See also:election of 1869. On the 8th of February 1871 he was named deputy for the See also:Seine et See also:Oise, and participated in the See also:drawing up' of the' t'ontitutitial See also:Laws of 1875. On the 16th of December. g875, he was named by the See also:National See also:Assembly senator for life. He died on the 16th of March 1888, three months after the election of his See also:elder son, M. F. S. Carnot (q.v.), to the See also:presidency of the republic. He had published Le Ministere de l'instruclion puhlique et See also:des cultes du 24' fevrier au 5e juillet 1848., (1849), Memoires sur Lavine Carnot (2 vols., 1861-1864), Memoires da Barire (with See also:David See also:Angers, 4 vols., 1842-1843).

His second sign,• See also:

Marie Adoiphe Carnot (b. 1839), became a distinguished See also:mining-engineer and director of the Pcole des Mines (1899), his studies in See also:analytical See also:chemistry placing him in the front See also:rank of French scientists. He was made a member of the See also:Academy of Sciences in 1895. See Vexmore7, See also:Les Regimes de 2848 (3rd ed., 1869) ; E. See also:Spuller, Histoire parlementaire de la Seconde Republique (1891); P. de, la Gorse, Histoire du Second See also:Empire (1894 et seq.).

End of Article: CARNOT, LAZARE EIPPOLYTE (18ot-1888)

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