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sovereignty was endangered by Bardanes, one of his ablest generals, who revolted and received support from other commanders, notably the later emperors See also:

Leo the Armenian and See also:

Michael the Amorian. But Nicephorus gained over the latter two, and by inducing the See also:

REBEL, JOHANN PETER (176o-1826)

rebel See also:

army to disperse achieved the submission of Bardanes, who was relegated to a monastery. A See also:

CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy headed by the patrician Arsaber had a similar issue. Nicephorus, who needed large sums to strengthen his military force, set himself with See also:

GREAT

great See also:

ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy to increase the See also:

EMPIRE

empire's See also:

revenue. By his rigorous imposts he alienated the favour of his subjects, and especially of the See also:

clergy, whom he otherwise sought to See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control firmly. In 803 and 8ro he made a treaty with See also:

Charlemagne, by which the limits of the two empires were amicably fixed. See also:

Venice, See also:

ISTRIA (Ger. Istrien)

Istria, the Dalmatian See also:

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast and See also:

South See also:

Italy were assigned to the See also:

East, while See also:

Rome, See also:

Ravenna and the Pentapolis were included in the Western See also:

REALM

realm. By with-holding the See also:

TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute which Irene had agreed to pay to See also:

HARUN

Harun al-Rashid, Nicephorus committed himself to a See also:

war with the See also:

SARACENS

Saracens. Compelled by Bardanes's disloyalty to take the See also:

field himself, he sustained a• severe defeat at Crasus in See also:

PHRYGIA

Phrygia (8o5), and the subsequent inroads of the enemy into See also:

ASIA

Asia See also:

Minor induced him to make See also:

peace on See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of paying a yearly contribution of 30,000 See also:

gold pieces. By the See also:

DEATH

death of Harun in 809, Nicephorus was See also:

LEFT

left See also:

FREE

free to See also:

DEAL

deal with the Bulgarian See also:

king, Krum, who was harassing his See also:

NORTHERN

northern frontiers.

In 811 Nicephorus invaded See also:

Bulgaria and drove Krum to ask for terms, but in a See also:

NIGHT

night attack he allowed himself to be surprised and was slain along with a large portion of his army. Krum is said to have made a drinking-See also:

CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup of Nicephorus's See also:

SKULL

skull.

End of Article: NICEPHORUS I

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