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surface gradually slopes down in undulating terraces towards the Adriatic. The Quieto in the west and the Arsa in the east, neither navigable, are the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal streams. The See also:

CLIMATE

climate of Istria, although it varies with the varieties of surface, is on the whole warm and dry. The coasts are exposed to the prevailing winds, namely the See also:

SIROCCO

Sirocco from the south-south-east, and the See also:

BORA

Bora from the north-east. Of the See also:

TOTAL

total area 33'21 % is occupied by forests, 32.09% by pastures, 11.2% by arable See also:

LAND

land, 9.5% by vineyards, 7.21% by meadows and 3.26% by gardens. The principal agricultural products are See also:

wheat, See also:

MAIZE, or INDIAN CORN

maize, See also:

rye, oats and See also:

FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit, namely See also:

OLIVES, MOUNT OF, or MOUNT OLIVET ("Opus 'EXc uwos or riov 'EXauav; mod. Jebel-et-Tur)

olives, See also:

FIGS

figs and melons.

Viticulture is well See also:

DEVELOPED

developed, and the best sorts of See also:

WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine are produced near Capodistria, Muggia, Isola, See also:

PARENZO

Parenzo and Dignano, while well-known red wines are made near Refosco and Terrano. The oil of Istria was already famous in See also:

ROMAN

Roman times. See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

Cattle- breeding is another great source of See also:

revenue, and the exploitation of the forests gives See also:

BEECH

beech and See also:

OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak See also:

TIMBER

timber (good for See also:

SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding), See also:

gall-nuts, oak-bark and See also:

cork. Fishing, the recovery of See also:

salt from the sea-See also:

WATER

water, and shipbuilding constitute the other principal occupations of the See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population. Istria had in 190o a population of 344,173, See also:

EQUIVALENT

equivalent t'o 18o inhabitants per square mile. Two-thirds of the population were Slays and the See also:

REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder Italians, while nearly the whole of the inhabitants (99.6%) were Roman Catholics, under the ecclesiastical See also:

jurisdiction of three bishops. The See also:

LOCAL

local See also:

DIET

Diet, which meets at Parenzo, and of which the three bishops are members ex-officio, is composed of 33 members, and Istria sends 5 deputies to the Reichsrat at See also:

Vienna. For administrative purposes the See also:

province is divided into 6 districts and an autonomous See also:

MUNICIPALITY

municipality, See also:

ROVIGNO

Rovigno (pop. 10,205). Other important places are Pola (45,052), Capodistria (10,711), Pinguente (15,827), Albona (10,968), Isola (9500), Parenzo (9962), Dignano (9684), Castua (17,988), Pirano (13,339) and Mitterburg (16,056). The See also:

MODERN

modern Istria occupies the same position as the See also:

ancient Istria or Histria, known to the See also:

Romans as the See also:

ABODE (from " abide," to dwell, properly " to wait for ," to bide)

abode of a fierce tribe of Illyrian pirates. It owed its name to an old belief that the See also:

DANUBE (Ger. Donau, Hungarian Duna, Rumanian Dunarea, Lat. Danubius or Danuvius, and in the lower part of its course Ister)

Danube (Ister, in See also:

Greek) discharged some of its water by an See also:

ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm entering the Adriatic in that region.

The Istrians, protected by the difficult See also:

NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation of their rocky coasts, were only subdued by the Romans in 177 B.C. after two See also:

WARS

wars. Under See also:

AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus the greater See also:

PART

part of the peninsula was added to See also:

Italy, and, when the seat of See also:

EMPIRE

empire was removed to See also:

Ravenna, Istria reaped many benefits from the proximity of the See also:

capital. After the fall of the Western empire it was pillaged by the Longobardi and the Goths; it was annexed to the Frankish See also:

KINGDOM

kingdom by See also:

PIPPIN, or PEPIN

Pippin in 789; and about the See also:

MIDDLE

middle of the loth See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it See also:

fell into the hands of the See also:

dukes of See also:

CARINTHIA (Ger. Kdrnten)

Carinthia. See also:

FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

Fortune after that, however, led it successively through the hands of the dukes of See also:

MERAN

Meran, the See also:

DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria and the See also:

PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

patriarch of See also:

AQUILEIA

Aquileia, to the See also:

REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic of See also:

Venice. Under this See also:

RULE

rule it remained till the See also:

peace of Campo Formio in 1797, when Austria acquired it, and added it to the north-eastern part which had fallen to her See also:

SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share so See also:

early as 1374. By the peace of See also:

PRESSBURG (Hung. Pozsony, Lat. Posonium)

Pressburg, Austria was in 1805 compelled to cede Istria to See also:

France, and the See also:

DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Istria was formed; but in 1813 Austria again seized it, and has retained it ever since. See T. G. See also:

Jackson, See also:

DALMATIA (Ger. Dalmatien; Ital. Dalmazia; Serbo-Croatian, Dalmacija)

Dalmatia, the Quarnero and Istria (See also:

Oxford, 1887).

End of Article: ISTRIA (Ger. Istrien)

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