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See also:OSMAN (1832-1900) , See also:Turkish See also:pasha and mushir (See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field See also:marshal), was See also:born at See also:Tokat, in See also:Asia See also:Minor, in 1832. Educated at the military See also:academy at See also:Constantinople, he entered the See also:cavalry in 1853, and served under See also:Omar Pasha in the See also:Russian See also:War of 1853-56, in Wallachia and the See also:Crimea. Appointed a See also:captain, in the Imperial Guard, he went through the See also:campaigns of the See also:Lebanon in t86o and of See also:Crete in 1867 to 1869, under Mustapha Pasha, when he distinguished himself at the See also:capture of the See also:convent of Hagia See also:Georgia, and was promoted lieut.-See also:colonel. He served under Redif Pasha in suppressing an insurrection in See also:Yemen in 1871, was promoted See also:major-See also:general in 1874, and general of See also:division in 1875. Appointed to command the See also:army See also:corps at Widin in 1876 on the See also:declaration of war by See also:Servia, he defeated Tchnernaieff at Saitschar and again at Yavor in See also:July, invaded Servia and captured Alexinatz and Deligrad in See also:October, when the war ended. Osman was promoted to be mushir, and continued in the command of the army corps at Widin. When the Russians crossed the See also:Danube in July 1877, Osman moved his force to See also:Plevna, and, with the assistance of his engineer, Tewfik Pasha, entrenched himself there on the right flank of the Russian See also:line of communication, and gradually made the position a most formidable one. He repulsed the three general assaults of the Russians on the loth and 3oth July and the 11th See also:September, inflicting on them See also:great loss—some 30,000 men in the three battles. He held the position, after being closely invested, until the 9th See also:December, when, compelled by want to cut his way out, he was severely wounded and forced to capitulate. This famous improvised See also:defence of a position delayed the Russians for five months, and entailed their See also:crossing the See also:Balkan range in the See also:depth of See also:winter after the third See also:battle of Plevna. The See also:sultan conferred on Osman the See also:Grand See also:Cross of the Osmanie in brilliants and the See also:title of " See also:Ghazi " (victorious), and, when he returned from imprisonment in See also:Russia,
made him commandant of the Imperial Guard, grand-See also:master of the See also:artillery and marshal of the See also:palace. In December 1878 he became war See also:minister, and held the See also:post, with a small break, until 1885. He died at Constantinople, in the palace built for him by the sultan near Yildiz Kiosk, on the 14th of See also:April
1900, and his See also:body was buried with great pomp in the Sultan Muhammad See also:Mosque.
End of Article: OSMAN (1832-1900)
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