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United States sporadic cases had been observed up to 1906, but since then numerous cases have been reported. It is in Italy, however, that it has been mostprevalent. The malady is essentially chronic in See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character. The indications usually begin in the See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of the See also:

YEAR

year, declining towards autumn, and recurring with increasing intensity and permanence in the spring seasons following. A See also:

PEASANT (O. Fr. paysant, Mod. paysan; Lat. pagensis, belonging to the pagus or country; cf. " pagan ")

peasant who is acquiring the malady feels unfit for See also:

WORK

work, suffers from See also:

head-aches, giddiness, singing in the ears, a burning of the skin, especially in the hands and feet, and See also:

DIARRHOEA (from Gr. &Q, through, pfw, flow)

diarrhoea. At the same time a red rash appears on the skin, of the nature of See also:

ERYSIPELAS

erysipelas, the red or livid spots being tense and painful, especially where they are directly exposed to the See also:

sun. About See also:

JULY

July or See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August of the first See also:

SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season these symptoms disappear, the spots on the skin remaining rough and dry. The spring attack of the year following will probably be more severe and more likely to leave traces behind it; with each successive year the patient becomes more like a See also:

MUMMY (from the Persian mumiai, pitch or asphalt)

mummy, his skin shrivelled and sallow, or even See also:

black at certain spots, as in See also:

ADDISON, JOSEPH (1672-1719)

Addison's disease, his angles protruding, his muscles wasted, his movements slow and languid, and his sensibility diminished. Meanwhile there are more See also:

SPECIAL

special symptoms See also:

RELATING

relating to the See also:

NERVOUS

nervous See also:

SYSTEM

system, including drooping of the eyelid, See also:

DILATATION (from Lat. dis-, distributive, and lotus, wide)

dilatation of the See also:

PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil, and other disorders of See also:

VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision, together with symptoms relating to the See also:

DIGESTIVE

digestive system, such as a red and dry See also:

TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue, a burning feeling in the mouth, See also:

pain on swallowing, and diarrhoea.

After a certain See also:

STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage the disease passes into a profound disorganization of the nervous system; there is a tendency to See also:

MELANCHOLY (Gr. µe)tayXotia, from µEtas, black, and Xotii, bile)

melancholy, imbecility, and a curious mummified See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of See also:

BODY

body. After See also:

DEATH

death a See also:

general See also:

TISSUE (Fr. tissu, tissue, participle of tisser, Lat. texere, to weave)

tissue degeneration is observed. The See also:

CAUSATION

causation of this obscure disease has recently come up for new investigation in connexion with the new work done in relation to sleeping-sickness and other tropical diseases. So See also:

long as it was supposed to be peculiar to the See also:

ITALIAN

Italian peasantry, it was associated simply with their See also:

STAPLE

staple See also:

DIET

diet, and was regarded as due to the eating of mouldy See also:

MAIZE, or INDIAN CORN

maize. It was by his views in this regard that See also:

LOMBROSO, CESARE (1836-1909)

Lombroso (q.v.) first made his scientific reputation. But the See also:

AREA

area of maize See also:

CONSUMPTION (Lat. consumere)

consumption is now known to be wider than that of pellagra, and pellagra is found where maize is at least not an See also:

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary diet. In 1905 Dr L. W. Sambon, i-ii, the See also:

MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of the British Medical Association, suggested that, pellagra was probably protozoal in origin, and subsequently he announced his belief that the protozoon was communicated by See also:

sand-flies, just as sleeping-sickness by the tsetse See also:

FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly; and this See also:

OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion was supported by the favourable See also:

ACTION

action of See also:

ARSENIC (symbol As, atomic weight 75.0)

arsenic in the treatment of the disease. His See also:

HYPOTHESIS (from Gr. inrorcOivat, to put under; cf. Lat. suppositio, from sub-ponere)

hypothesis was endorsed by See also:

Sir See also:

Patrick See also:

MANSON, GEORGE (1850-1876)

Manson, and in See also:

JANUARY

January 1910 an influential See also:

COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee was formed, to enable Dr Sambon to pursue his investigations in a pellagrous area.

End of Article: PELLAGRA (Ital. pelle agra, smarting skin)

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