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REVOLUTIONARY TRIBUNAL, THE (le tribu...

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 224 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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REVOLUTIONARY TRIBUNAL, THE (le tribunal revolutionnaire) , a See also:

COURT
COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court which was instituted in See also:

Paris by the See also:

Convention during the See also:

French Revolution for the trial of See also:

POLITICAL

political offenders, and became one of the most powerful engines of the Terror. The See also:

NEWS

news of the failure of'the French arms in See also:

Belgium gave rise in Paris to popular movements on the 9th and loth of See also:

March 1793, and on the loth of March, on the proposal of See also:

DANTON, GEORGE JACQUES (1759-1794)

Danton, the Convention decreed that there should be established in Paris See also:

REWA, or RIWA

REWA an extraordinary criminal tribunal, which received the See also:

OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official name of the Revolutionary Tribunal by a See also:

DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree of the 29th of See also:

OCTOBER

October 1793. It was composed of a See also:

JURY

jury, a public prosecutor, and two substitutes, all nominated by the Convention; and from its judgments there was no See also:

APPEAL

appeal. With M. J. A. See also:

Hermann as See also:

PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president and Fouquier-Tinville as public prosecutor, the tribunal terrorized the royalists, the refractory priests and all the actors in the See also:

COUNTER

counter-revolution. Soon, too, it came to be used for See also:

PERSONAL

personal ends, particularly by See also:

ROBESPIERRE, MAXIMILIEN FRANCOIS MARIE ISIDORE DE (175$-1794)

Robespierre, who employed it for the condemnation of his adversaries. The excesses of the Revolutionary Tribunal increased with the growth of Robespierre's ascendancy in the See also:

COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

Committee of Public Safety; and on the loth of See also:

JUNE

June 1794 was promulgated, at his instigation; the infamous See also:

Law of 22 Prairial, which forbade prisoners to employ counsel for their See also:

defence, suppressed the See also:

HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing of witnesses and made See also:

DEATH

death the See also:

SOLE (Solea)

sole See also:

PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty. Before 22 Prairial the Revolutionary Tribunal had pronounced 1220 death-sentences in thirteen months; during the See also:

FORTY

forty-nine days between the passing of the law and the fall of Robespierre 1376 persons were condemned, including many See also:

innocent victims. The lists of prisoners to be sent before the tribunal were prepared by a popular See also:

COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission sitting at the museum, and ,signed, after revision, by the Committee of See also:

General See also:

SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

Security and the Committee of Public Safety jointly. Although Robespierre was the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal purveyor of the tribunal, we possess only one of these lists bearing his See also:

SIGNATURE (through Fr. from Lat. signature, signare, to sign, signum, mark, token, sign)

signature.

The Revolutionary Tribunal was suppressed on the 31st of May 1795. Among its most celebrated victims may be mentioned See also:

MARIE

Marie Antoinette, the Hebertists, the Dantonists and several of the See also:

GIRONDISTS (Fr. Girondins)

Girondists. Similar tribunals were also in operation in the provinces. See H. A. Wallon, Histoire du tribunal revolutionnaire de Paris (Paris, 6 vols., 1880–82); E. Campardon, Le Tribunal revolutionnaire de Paris (Paris, 2nd ed., 2 vols., 1866) C. Berriat See also:

SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-Prix, La See also:

JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

Justice revolutionnaire a Paris, See also:

BORDEAUX

Bordeaux, See also:

BREST

Brest, See also:

Lyon, See also:

Nantes, . (Paris, 1861), and La Justice revolutionnaire (aoflt z792L prairial an II.) d'apres See also:

des documents originaux (Paris, 187o); also G. Len3tre, Le Tribunal revolutionnaire (1908). For a bibliography of its records see M. See also:

TOURNEUX, JEAN MAURICE (1849— )

Tourneux, See also:

BIBLIOG

Bibliog. de la ville de Paris .

. (1890, vol. i. Nos. 3925-3974).

End of Article: REVOLUTIONARY TRIBUNAL, THE (le tribunal revolutionnaire)

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