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SAN DIEGO
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See also:SAN DIEGO , a See also:city, See also:port of entry and the See also:county-seat of San Diego county, in S. See also:California, U.S.A., on the Pacific Ocean, about to m. N. of the Mexican border, and about 126 m. (by See also:rail) S.E. of Los Angeles. Pop. (188o) 2637; (1890) 16,159; (1900) 17,700, of whom 3768 were See also:foreign-See also:born; (1910 See also:census) 39,578. It is served by numerous steamship lines and by the See also:Atchison, See also:Topeka & See also:Santa Fe, the Los Angeles & San Diego See also:Beach, the San Diego See also:Southern, and the San Diego, Cuyamaca & Eastern See also:railways. A railway between Yuma, See also:Arizona, and San Diego was under construction in 1910. The See also:harbour, next to that of San Francisco the best in California, has an See also:area of some 22 sq. m. The Federal See also:government has made various improvements in the harbour, See also:building a See also:jetty 7500 ft. See also:long on Zuninga Shoal at the entrance and making a channel 225 ft. wide and 27-28 ft. deep at See also:low See also:tide. The city site, which is a See also:strip of See also:land 25 M. long and 2 to 4 M. wide, is nearly level near the See also:bay. San Diego is the seat of a See also:State Normal School and has a See also:Carnegie library. There is a coaling station of the See also:United States See also:Navy, and the United States government maintains a See also:garrison in Fort See also:Rosecrans. At See also:Coronado (pop. 1900, 935) across the bay are Coronado Beach, and the Hotel del Coronado, with See also:fine botanical and See also:Japanese gardens; on the beach See also:people live in tents except in the stormier See also:season. Within the city, on the See also:top of Point Loma, is the Theosophical Institution of the " Universal Brotherhood." San Diego has one of the most equable climates in the See also:world, and there are several sanatoriums here. The economic interests centre in See also:fruit culture, especially the raising of citrus fruits and of See also:raisin grapes. There are also warehouses, foundries, See also:lumber yards, saw-See also:mills and planing-mills —logs are rafted here from See also:Washington and See also:Oregon. See also:National City (pop. 1900, 1086), adjoining San Diego on the S. and the S. See also:terminus of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe See also:system, has large interests in See also:lemon packing and the manufacture of oil, citric See also:acid and other lemon by-products. In 1905 the See also:total value of the factory products of the city was $1,974,430 (194'8 % more than in 19O0). San Diego is under the See also:commission See also:form of government; in 1905 the city secured as a See also:charter right the See also:power to " recall " by See also:petition any unsatisfactory city See also:official and to elect another in his See also:place, and the initiative and See also:referendum were incorporated in the charter, but were practically inoperative for several years. By a charter See also:amendment of 1909, the city is governed by a commission of a See also:mayor and five councilmen, elected at large. About 4 M. N. of the business centre of San Diego is the site of the first See also:Spanish See also:settlement in Upper California. It was occupied in See also:April 1769; a Franciscan " See also:mission " (the earliest of twenty-one established in California) was founded on the 16th of See also:July, and a military presidio somewhat later. San Diego began the first revolution against See also:Governor M. See also:Victoria and Mexican authority in 1831, but was intensely loyal in opposition to Governor J. B. See also:Alvarado and the See also:northern towns in 1836. It was made a port of entry in 1828. In 184o it had a See also:population of 140. It was occupied by the See also:American forces in July 1846, and was reoccupied in See also:November after temporary dispossession by the Californians, no See also:blood being See also:shed in these disturbances. In r85o it was incorporated as a city, but did not grow, and lost its charter in 1852. In 1867 it had only a dozen inhabitants. A land See also:promoter, A. E. See also:Horton (d. 1909), then laid out a new city about 3 M. S. of the old. Its population increased to 2300 in 1870, and this new San Diego was incorporated in 1872, and was made a port of entry in 1873. The old See also:town still has many ruined See also:adobe houses, and the old " mission " is fairly well pre-served. The prosperity of 1867–1893 was followed by a disastrous See also:crash in 1873–1874, and little progress was made until 1884, when San Diego was -cached by the Santa Fe railway system. After 1900 the growth of the city was again very rapid. Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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