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SILVESTRINES, or SYLVESTRINES

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 120 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SILVESTRINES, or SYLVESTRINES , an See also:order of monks under the See also:Benedictine See also:rule, founded 1231 by St See also:Silvester Gozzolini. He was See also:born at See also:Osimo near See also:Ancona and held a canonry there. About 1227 he resigned it to See also:lead an austere eremitical See also:life. Disciples came to him, and in 1231 he built a monastery at Montefano. The rule was the Benedictine, but as regards poverty in See also:external things, far stricter than the Benedictine. The order was approved in 1247 by See also:Innocent IV., and at Silvester's See also:death in 1267 there were eleven Silvestrine monasteries. At a later date there were 56, mostly in See also:Umbria, See also:Tuscany and the See also:March of Ancona. In 1907 there were nine Silvestrine houses, one in See also:Rome, and about 6o See also:choir monks. Since 1855 they 1 A communication to See also:Eichhorn on the See also:Paris MS. of the Syro-Hexaplar version of IV. See also:Kings formed the basis of a See also:paper in the latter's Repertorium, vol. vii. (1780). This was de Sacy's See also:literary debut.

It was followed by See also:

text and See also:translation of the letters of the See also:Samaritans to Jos. See also:Scaliger (ibid. vol. xiii., 1783) and by a See also:series of essays on Arabian and See also:Persian See also:history in the Recueil of the See also:Academy of See also:Inscriptions and in the Notices et extraits. School gardens and school farms have been widely introduced, while See also:bee-keeping is taught in over 50 See also:schools. Owing to the efforts of the zemstvos (See also:local See also:councils), sanitation is well looked after. Agri-culture is the See also:principal occupation. Out of the See also:total See also:area the See also:peasant See also:village communities hold 40%, private owners 20%, the imperial domains 5 %, and the towns and the See also:crown o.6%. The area under forests amounts to 30% of the whole and over 5o% is under cultivation. The peasants are rapidly buying See also:land in considerable quantities. Most of their allotments (more than 76%) are cultivated, and besides what they own they See also:rent over 500,000 acres from private owners. The principal crops are See also:wheat, See also:rye, oats, See also:barley and potatoes. See also:Good breeds of horses are kept, and considerable See also:numbers are exported. Fishing (See also:sturgeon) is carried on in the See also:Volga and the Sura, See also:timber See also:trade in the N. and See also:shipbuilding on the Sura.

Domestic trades give employment to over 15,000 persons; carts, sledges, wheels and all sorts of wooden wares are made in the villages, as also See also:

felt goods, boots, gloves, caps, handkerchiefs, See also:ropes and fishing-nets, all extensively exported. The factories employ less than 20,000 persons. They comprise mainly See also:cloth See also:mills, See also:flour-mills and distilleries, with tanneries, See also:glass, oil and See also:starch See also:works, There are 82 fairs, the most important of which are held at See also:Simbirsk, Syzran and Karsun. There is a considerable export trade in See also:grain, °mostly rye, and in flour. have had a See also:house and a See also:mission in See also:Ceylon. The order has no history. The See also:habit is See also:blue. See See also:Helyot, Histoire See also:des ordres religieux (1718), vi. c. 21; Max Heimbucher, Orden u. Kongregationen (1907), i. § 3o; Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchenlexicon (ed.

2). (E. C.

End of Article: SILVESTRINES, or SYLVESTRINES

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